CHAPTER 1
1. INTRODUCTION
The air we respire contains mixture of natural and man-made chemical, physical and biological elements that modifies ambient air quality. Among all air pollutants, the most threatening for human health include particulate matter and gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (WHO). The movement of people into urban areas and the growth of industry within these areas has carried more people into contact with air pollution than any other time in recent memory. High concentrations of air pollutants can cause instant physical symptoms such as rapid pulse and restricted breathing but, even the presence of trace amounts is considered detrimental to health (Levy et al., 2000).
1.1. Particulate Matter Pollution
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Particulate matter is a complex combination of fine solid particles and liquid droplets comprising various types of dust, smoke, and soot, gaseous and biological contaminants that are suspended in air. The size of these particles ranges from few nanometers to around 100 micrometers. Mainly, coarser particulate matter PM10 with diameter less than equal to10 micrometers and fine particulate matter PM2.5 with diameters less than equal to 2.5 micrometers are significant. Particulate matter in air comes from both natural sources such as wildfires and dust storms and anthropogenic sources like power and industrial plants, fossil fuel burning, combustion of wood and other biomass fuels and automobiles. In Urban areas, vehicular traffic is one of the major sources of particulate matter pollution. Possible sources of particulate matter emissions from automobiles comprises fuel combustion, tire wear, lubricating oil combustion and road abrasion (US
The Bronx is an incredibly urban and populated area attracting traffic from all over. It is home to waste sites, distribution centers, power plants, and so much more. Though each building gives off a different type of waste, whether it be smog from smokestacks or diesel exhaust from trucks, each of these large sites that exist throughout this small area give off a fine particulate matter known as PM2.5. This matter is essentially what contributes to the difficulty breathing people experience as these tiny particles can become lodged in a person’s lungs over time. Studies have consistently found a strong correlation between PM2.5 and conditions like asthma, lung disease, and heart disease.
Traffic-related Air pollution A2.1 Problem There is evidence that air pollution from motor vehicles has adverse long-term effects on the chronic respiratory disease in human. Short-term exposure to air pollution has been associated
Childhood, in particular, is a difficult time when it comes to exposure to polluted air as this irritates the lungs causing
Gasoline/diesel cars are a big part of transportation emissions. In fact, according to the Department of Ecology Washington, “One of the main causes of global warming is pollution from cars. Vehicle pollutants harm our health and contain greenhouse gases that cause climate change. Burning gasoline and diesel fuel create harmful byproducts of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and formaldehyde. In addition, vehicles emit carbon dioxide, the most common human caused greenhouse gas.”
It is possible for the negative impacts of air pollution to spread throughout the entire body, damaging a variety of organs and body parts, while diminishing the body’s ability to effectively function. The fine pollutant particulates, through entry into the lungs, can gain access to portions of the cardiovascular system, causing harm to the heart and blood
There’s a vast amount of issues going on in the state of Texas and no one seems to make an innovation. One of the biggest issue in the state of Texas is pollution in our cities. Based on my outside knowledge, no person seems to bother to make a change in our ecosystem. People seem to care less on how our environment’s health is and focus more in themselves, which is causing a more serious problem. Maybe not in that same time, but thorough the years, it’ll not just cause an issue in our environment, but also among ourselves.
The effects on people’s health is that air pollution can cause stroke, heart diseases, lung cancer or asthma. A mother of two boys said “On poor air quality days when my family has to breathe particles and ozone smog, my kids’ asthma gets worse. They cough and even have asthma attacks.” This proves that the air in China is so
In Some parts of north america, air pollution is so high that if you breathe the air for a period of time it can cause severe damage and sometimes death. In the U.S air pollution causes as much as 50,000 deaths per year. For example, currently in Spokane the AQI can problems for people with lung problems. In Fresno and Madera the pollution over time can increase the risk of asthma, heart disease, COPD(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and diabetes. Even in most urban areas the amount of air pollution increases the chance of getting strokes, heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic/acute respiratory diseases.
Air pollution is dangerous to the way we live because it’s harmful chemicals that are oils gasses and other chemicals. Air pollution is controversial because people believe that it’s still out there harming the way we live and harming the planet. Industrialized countries have worked to reduce levels of sulfur dioxide, smog, and smoke in order to improve people's health. Volcanic eruptions from volcanos is also endangering the life style by balking the sun and putting out ash and smoke. Motor vehicles – cars, trucks and SUVs – account for about half the air pollution in the United States air pollution is chemicals in the air that are produced by motor cars and all the chemical plants such as gas plants, oil plants and landfills.there were other
1. Introduction Air pollutin is a public health concern and it has been since the discovery of fire. Incidents and episodes of air pollution have been recorded throughout the history. Air pollution is divided into two, it is the indoor air pollution and the outdoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution is produced in households or at offices by pollutants such as tobacco smoke, household products or pesticides.
Recently, air pollution has been changed since 1950s, Firstly in 1950s, air pollution was visible and mostly caused by factories. Now, air pollution has become invisible because of the cars and vehicle pollution. The main reason for this rising problem is because people are vehicle independent. In conclusion, governments should take actions to this urgent issue which risks to people 's health.
The amount of N2O emitted from transportation depends on the type of fuel and vehicle technology (catalytic converters) and the use of the car. The process of combustion releases
In automobile an exhaust gas is emitted during a combustion process. The exhaust gas is actually a combination of many different gases such as N2, CO2, H2O and O2. Though some are harmless, there are few that are harmful and are considered major pollutants. The major pollutants are Hydrocarbons (HC), Nitrogen oxide (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), etc. These gases can affect human health in both short and long term.
b. Credibility: Air is a necessity to be able to live. But today air becomes an element to kill us slowly. Air pollution is a major problem in the world yet it is not given enough attention to. Cities have higher air pollution compared to provinces because of the inevitable huge number of vehicles and heavily congested areas. According to Eva Ocfemia, the assistant director of the DENR-EMB in 2015, the air pollutant concentration of NCR reached 130 micrograms per cubic meters in terms of total suspended particulates (TSP), higher than the previous year and the safe level.
There are many problems that threatens society and one problem in particular, air pollution is a problem that threatens everyone. Air pollution is the contamination of air with pollutants that are harmful to humans, animals, and the environment. It began to be a problem when humans discovered the uses of fire and then the amount of air pollution exponentially grew after the industrial revolution, and is still a problem even today. The largest causes of air pollution are from human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and gas emissions from manufacturing plants. There are ways that ordinary people can help contribute to prevent air pollution and or else face the dangerous consequences of polluted air.