A Global History of Patriarchal Politics: A Comparative Approach a Few Tales of Resistance. If human history is to be chronicled as something beyond the records of births, deaths, wars and kings, then we shall discover that history is a sum total of many political, cultural, economic and sociological processes. Now there are certain elements that can be traced throughout human history at any point of time at any place which have had an impact in the lives of people. Patriarchy is one such conspicuous element in history since time immemorial. Another such element is politics. Taking a cue from what Aristotle said that politics is a master science, we may safely declare that politics has been and is present everywhere in our lives. Patriarchy …show more content…
While we may safely concur that patriarchy has been a determinant of history across realms, we must also keep in mind the origins and nature of patriarchy and how it comes in to a de facto existence and firmly entrenches itself in a society or civilization. Patriarchy, like water, takes the shape of its container. That is the exact nature or outer shape or overt attributes of patriarchy have always differed from civilization to civilization depending upon the prevailing circumstances. Hence it is very important to compare a few of the different types of patriarchy and the multifarious varieties of politics it has indulged in the various phases of history. Well, no factor in history, not even patriarchy has ever enjoyed total dominance in any society. Thus one must also keep in mind the concepts of the “others” or those who have resisted. For resistance …show more content…
The Greek “polis” or city was the public life and the “oikos” which also means “hosehold”. Aristotle’s ideas give us a fair picture of how the Greek patriarchy operated. The concept of oikos (private) and polis (public) is very important. Aristotle was a misogynist. He believed in the doctrint of male domination in the polis. The oikos is formed by “natural associations of man” that is the natural relation between man and woman, husband and wife. In this relation, man is the rational self while his wife is the “other”, read irrational. Like the slave the woman is also the property of her master. The relation between the man and the other leads to reproduction. The wife has intelligence but cannot use it while the slave is taken to be irrational. The power relations form in the house hold as the Man is more rational, intelligent than the wife and the slave. And he has power over the child as the child cannot use his intellect properly. The Aristotelian view says that it is rational for the man to rule the polis. This idea of western patriarchy has been carried over from the Greeks to the Romans to the Christian phase. Exceptions have occurred here also. Classical European history is replete with stories of cults here and there where the oikos have spilled into the polis. Like Rhodes Island, Corinthian cults or the myth of the Amazon Warriors. Aristotle was also a believer of Hellenic supremacy in the
During the Post-Classical Era, the religious outlook of the Middle East changed greatly. While the Islamic world perpetrated a long withstanding patriarchy, there were great changes in leadership structure. Great divisions were also drawn from disagreements in leadership and succession. Islamic society was patriarchal, and women were not equal to men. While advocating oppression of women, the Qur'an reads, “Men have authority over women because Allah has made them superior the the other.”
When reaching the end of Muriel Rukheyser’s poem, “On Oedipus the King, Myth” Oedipus states, “When you say Man, you include women too.” He continues on, “That’s what you think.” The phrases are signifying are the similarities to women in both today’s society and the play. We can agree that the character of Oedipus states woman are equal, but their true role is brought up throughout the poem and presented in the
In the history of the world patriarchy has always been present in people’s lives. Patriarchy by definition is a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line. It can also be classified as a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it. In the novels The House on Mango Street, Catcher in the Rye and White Girl female characters experience patriarchy in a few different ways. While the characters Sally (House on Mango Street) and Sunny (Catcher in the Rye) live their lives controlled by men to impress and to satisfy them, Martin’s mother (Grandma) changes the frequent patriarchal role to a matriarchal role in the novel White Girl and she shows who is in charge and does not let any man or anyone take control of her.
The Greek gods and goddesses are the ultimate representation how Greek culture. Since the gods and goddesses did not mention Odysseus’ lack of sexual fidelity, this shows that the values for men in Greek culture were not infringed upon. Sexual fidelity and how it is dealt with by the story’s most important characters in The Odyssey show the morals of Greek
In “Gender and the Homeric Epic”, an article by Nancy Felson and Laura M. Slatkin, the gender roles of various characters in The Odyssey, an epic poem by Homer, are examined in the constraining and progressive lens Homer takes. The characters of the epic most explicitly analyzed are Odysseus and his wife, Penelope; in this article the authors show the traditional gender roles both adhere to, but also exhibit the ways in which the characters are able to reach across the restraining gender roles, without making this story entirely about gender. Through this article one can see that the constraining nature of gender roles seen in society, is not inherent in the society presented in The Odyssey, which describes an intrinsic fluidity which is seen in a plethora of characters. “Gender and the Homeric Epic” discusses the gender roles conceived throughout Homer’s story through the characters Homer and Penelope. Homer represents the masculine war hero, returning home with what should be glory and happiness.
By Zeus’s actions, it is evident that although Odysseus was held prisoner, women lacked this power and leverage in society compared to men and were subject to this treatment due to this gender
The respectable male characters such as Odysseus treat women well, but mostly for their appearance and marriage potential. Near the beginning, after washing up on the island of the Pheaecians, he meets a girl and says, “Mistress: please: are you divine, or mortal? If one of those who dwell in the wide heaven, you are the most near to Artemis, I should say,” (8). To
A patriarchy is a system where men dominate, and women are marginalized. The patriarchy can be traced to Aristotle’s writings in Ancient Greece, where he spoke of women as subordinates of men. Aristotle was also dependent on dualism (dividing reality into different spheres). In the case of men and women, men were seen as the rational and women, the emotional. These labels lead to sexist behavior and thus oppression of women, because they were seen as less than men.
In the last couple of decades, women have been on the largely involved in different roles in society. The American woman have come a long way in terms of her position and role in society. For a very long time women were identified by their gender and the patriarchy system that was used by different cultures across the world. Patriarchal can be defined as the aspect in society that looks into male dominance and power over all matters of society and how these privileges are simply handed down to men. It also looks to define how women struggle to gain positions of power while men are simply grabbing these chances from them.
Patriarchy is the typical system in a society where the male holds the most power over a female. Multiple civilizations have been this way for centuries. There are many aspects that caused this division between the two genders. The causes in the development of patriarchy from the Paleolithic Eras to the Neolithic Eras are the creation of civilizations, home environments ,and agriculture. Each one of these causes lead to one another because they have a “chain reaction.”
Misinterpretation on feminism becomes an issue in America because the definition altered in various communities. In the essay, “Feminist Politics: Where We Stand”, the author Bell Hooks discusses the misconception of feminism in the United States. Bell Hooks states that the reason of the misconception of feminism occurs because of the patriarchy of America because mass media represents feminism as an anti-male group. However, feminism is the exact opposite of an anti male groups. Feminism defines itself for equality between men and women.
In the 16th century, not only in England but also almost in all the countries, all the families were “under” the patriarchal society. A patriarchy, from the ancient Greek patriarches, was a society where power was held by and passed down through the elder males. When modern historians and sociologists describe a "patriarchal society," they mean that men hold the positions of power: head of the family unit, leaders of social groups, boss in the workplace and heads of government. Unfortunately, this fact still exists, even today in the 21st century in many countries, especially in the Muslim countries where women have restricted rights. Patriarchal society, manhood, and the sense of masculinity, in my opinion, raise two main issues: the issue
The part and role in which women played in their society significantly varies throughout the world, depending on the place and region. However, they all share a common similarity in which men are the most dominant in every aspect of society, therefore, men are perceived to have more authority and power than women. In the comparison of ancient civilizations and modern times, it is significant how the rights and roles of women have positively changed, giving women more chances and opportunities in society, therefore, influencing and impacting society in many beneficial ways as well as, nowadays, women and men are finally seen as
The play Antigone written by Sophocles is a Greek tragedy which incorporates themes of divine law vs. man made law ,conventional role of a woman vs. a defiant role portrayed by a woman, but the very essence of the play and other major themes are created with the defiance of the conventional role of women shown by Antigone. This is the primary aim of the essay. A little insight into the Greek society gives us a brief idea about the status of women and help do a comparative study with the unique character of Antigone and her role in the development of the plot. Women in ancient Greek were considered inferior to men in every sphere ,from the intellect to the physical state. Their freedom was monitored by the dominating male in the family
According to the famous sociologists Sylvia Walby, patriarchy is “a system of social structure and practices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women”. Women’s exploitation is an age old cultural phenomenon of Indian society. The system of patriarchy finds its validity and sanction in our religious beliefs, whether it is Hindu, Muslim or any other religion. For instance, as per ancient Hindu law giver Manu, “Women are supposed to be in the custody of their father when they are children, they must be under the custody of their husband when married and under the custody of her son in old age or as widows.