Political Development In Kazakhstan

Political development in Kazakhstan

The breakup of the USSR was followed by the formation of the newly independent Kazakhstan; none of them had ever existed in their present form. Independence was virtually thrust upon them after the Soviet disintegration in 1991. The leaders past a decade of freedom have shown foresight and have been very much pragmatic in ensuring the future development of their political culture is based on civil society with the expanded process of institutional democratization. Political process has been defined as the activities of people in various groups for and uses power to achieve personal and group cause. “The conception is generally seen as to variety of political parties, factions and oppositions to attain formal

Pre-Soviet political system was merely despotic, under enemy control by the Russian Tsars. The Soviet political system influenced by the Marxist-Leninist ideology was adopted by the Bolshevik government which was followed by successive party leader’s up to Gorbachev. However, Gorbachev brought an unprecedented change in the concept of Soviet politics. The political process underwent a drastic change during the period of political reforms, i.e. perestroika and glasnost. The reform process adopted many trends from western democratic model of development. The Soviet model of development restricted popular participation in the elections, political mobilization or opposition to the government. The Soviet political system further restricted its citizens by not granting the freedom of expression. Media was entirely controlled by the state. Any kind of trade unions, cooperatives, cultural and organizations played a very restricted role. The disintegration of the Soviet Union provides the newly independent Kazakhstan states the choice of their own political process determining their own destiny. After ten years of independence, some of the democratic institutions have been developed in the Kazakhstan republics including political parties, interest groups, opposition’s media, judiciary, electoral institutions, legislatures, and military

There is no believable power sharing instrument as president after independence made sure that he appointed new members to the two main executive organs of power - the presidential apparatus and the Cabinet of Ministers - and placed them under his direct control. The election results reflect the complete hold of the executive over the political institutions. The political processes are also controlled and guided by the president of the republic - Nazarbayev. The political opposition to the established regime of Nazarbayev lacks mass appeal and does not pose a challenge to the Nazarbayev regime which has entrenched itself through the