Saponification is important to the industrial user for it helps to know the amount of free fatty acid that is present in a food material. The quantity of free fatty acid can be distinguished by determining the quantity of alkali that must be added to the fat or oil to make it neutral. This test is done by warming a known amount of oil or fat with alcoholic KOH, which will convert the free fatty acid into soap. This soap is removed and the amount of fat remaining is then determined by subtracting the amount of obtained soap from the amount of fat originally taken before the test. The saponification number or “sap” measures the present bonded or unbonded acids in oil or fats.
The saponification value was calculated from the difference in titres A (Reference titre) and B(Blank titre) and was calculated to be 190.84 mg/ml. The saponification values for Coconut Oil and Walnut oil were calculated to be 252.45 and 183.73 mg/ml. Firstly the saponification of the olive oil took place sucessfully by boiling the olive oil with concentrated alcoholic KOH , the hydrolysis of the oil occurred as glycerol and the potassium salts of fatty acids (soap) were produced. This occurred because even though hydroxides existed in the aqueous phase and triglycerides existed in the organic phase by increasing agitiation , the reactants happened to be
Distillation of ester solution after the washings At first the solution slowly condenses out but as the temperature increases, the solution condenses very fast. Results for pure ester Appearance of ester solution Colorless Smell of Ester after the distillation process Sweet and fruity smell Distillation range of ester solution to obtain pure ester 122-124C Chemistry Background Knowledge In the experiment, the reagent 1-butanol and ethanoic
The brand was launched by Calcutta chemical and detergents in 1920. Later the company was basically acquired by Henkel India in 1999 and Margo was latter’s custody. Now with jyothy laboratories increasing its stakes in Henkel India, the brand has again changed hands. It is an antibacterial soap which help in effective protection of bacteria and is the best antiseptic soap. It help the people in keeping their skin healthy and glowing.
The remained raw unwashed biodiesel is methanol. Methanol is a solvent which captures soap and other impurities and holds them dissolved in the biodiesel. Water soaks up that methanol, releasing impurities to be washed away with water. Visual inspection indicates successful biodiesel reaction in 2 distinct layers which is the lighter color biodiesel and darker color glycerol. Glycerol, the remaining part of the triglyceride, is a byproduct of the reaction, which is later removed before use.
Is Tea Tree Oil Really Effective For Hair We have seen that tea tree oil takes care of numerous issues of our body and skin. However, is tea tree oil useful for hair or not? We should discover! Tea tree oil is advanced with heaps of antibacterial, calming, clean, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties, which is the reason there are loads of tea tree oil benefits for hair. The oil has these qualities because of the nearness of mixes called terpinene-4-oil and 1,8-cineole (3).
Disintegrants play a major role in the disintegration and dissolution of MDT. It is essential to choose a suitable disintegrant, in an optimum concentration so as to ensure quick disintegration and high dissolution rates. Super disintegrants provide quick disintegration due to combined effect of swelling and water absorption by the formulation. Due to swelling of superdisintegrants, the wetted surface of the carrier increases,which promotes the wettability and dispersibility of the system, thus enhancing the disintegration and dissolution. The optimum concentration of the superdisintegrant can be selected according to critical concentration of disintegrant4,5.
Before planting muskmelon, it is important to start with a clean field to prevent competition between the weeds and the crops for water, fertiliser and sunlight. Muskmelon which also known as cantaloupe is susceptible to any danger or harm such as fungal rots after harvest. These rots occur on the external surface of the fruit and spreading inwards into the fruits’ flesh. Thus, dipping melons in hot water at 52-550C for 2 minutes can effectively control fungal rots in melon. Besides, storing cantaloupes at temperature below 20C will result in chilling injury.
Mak-Mensah E. E., et al (2011) in Ghana studied Chemical characteristics of toilet soap prepared from neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed oil. Neem oil was obtained from the seeds of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica, exploiting a manually operating bridge press, and used to prepare toilet soap. The essence of the neem oil was because of its medicinal substitute for the Palm oil which was usually used. The advantage of the cold press process over the hot press process was used to reduce the smell of the oil extraction and a different method of saponification was used which was an advantage to the levels of free fatty acids and free caustic alkali content. A flaw in the methodology turned out to be an advantage since the unreacted relatively high levels of chlorine increase the antiseptic nature of the soap.
What is Saponification? Saponification is the procedure that produces soap from fats and lye. In this chemical reaction we used Sodium Hydroxide which is our base to convert fats or oil as an acid to soap, this happens when the fats or oil gets in touch with Sodium Hydroxide or lye and this turns on the Saponification process. When the Saponification process is turned on, it means lye is converting the oil or the fat to a more uniform and thicker solution, it is having a point which is called Trace point. Trace point the end point, if we add any extra material it will not be chemically mixed with our soap solution it will just stay there.