A. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SOURCES
1. The definition sources of law
The “source of law” it's different from the words “the legal basis”, “legal basis.”, or “paying the law”. The legality or the legal basis is the legal basis or legal ground, which is the norm of law which form the basis of an act or conduct of certain laws so that it can be considered legitimate or justified by law. In the meantime, the words of the “source of law” more shows at a place in the nature of a value or norm in certain come from.
In article 1 Provisions the People's Consultative Assembly No. III/MPR/2000 is determined that :
1. Sources of law is the source that can be materials to drafting of laws and regulations ;
2. Sources of law consists of the written law and
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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SOURCES of INDONESIA
1. The Material and Formal.
This view of Indonesia, as laid down in the formulation of points the Pancasila as a philosophy of state based on the Constitution of 1945. In view of life of the nation and a philosophy the state, Pancasila, is a source of law in the sense of the material that not only inspire, but even had to be carried out and is reflected by and in every rule of law in Indonesia. Thus, each one of the rule of law as opposed to Pancasila should not apply.
In the form of formal, the values of Pancasila is listed and in the formulation of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 as written law the highest in the Republic of Indonesia. However, in addition, the formal law is not just limited to what it says. the State of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 was one of the written from the standard basic or legal base that is the highest. In addition to the basic laws written in script of the 1945 Constitution, there is also fundamental laws or constitutional nature is not written. Our source of formal law of Justice of Indonesia's State can be seen first in the Constitution of 1945.
2. The Basic and Norma are so
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Hood Phillips, Paul Jackson, and Patricia Leopold in “The constitutional law of a state is the law relating to the constitution of that state”, then it is imperative to understand the laws, the country, and the constitution at the same time. Constitutional Court is not the rules are made of government, but it is a regulation made by the people to manage government, and the administration itself without the constitution with power without authority.
3. The legislation
The legislation is unwritten by law that contains norms binding legal to the public, both set by the institutions of the laws that have the authority of the delegation of legislation to establish the rules, according to regulations.
According to Law No. 10 of 2004 on the formation of the Regulation and, forms and in terms of legislation in question is :
(i) Statue
It always contain everything relating to the state to carry out the mandate of the constitution in the areas of particular areas that require mutual agreement between the President and the House of Representatives. In article 20 paragraph (4) was decisive, “President passed a bill that has been agreed upon to become law”. As a legal products to new laws tied to the public as agemeneene verbindende voorschiften (binding rule to the public), that's when it was
There are no power in the system provided to correct their construction, means that if the legislature passed any laws, they have the final authority of saying it is unconstitutional. In addition to, the judges have no laws by saying them doing the wrong thing of taking citizen’s rights. In my viewpoint, the federalist paper support this argument. For example,“ The judiciary...may truly be said to have neither FORCE nor WILL, but merely judgement” The legislative controls the command of the purse, and executive holds the sword of the community. Every Branch of the government should have equal responsibility of ensuring bill that passed into laws that are constitutional.
As delegates begin to form a government for the future colony at Plymouth, they must consider how the new colony will be governed. A constitution will serve this purpose. A Constitution “is an antecedent to Government, and a Government is only the creature of a Constitution…containing the principles upon which the Government shall be established, the manner in which it shall be organized, and the powers it shall have.” In other words, a constitution is a document that establishes the system of beliefs and laws by which a country, state, or organization is government and the customs and laws members of a society are required to follow. Essential Components of a Constitution
The Constitution is frequently thought to be the preeminent law of the United States that all laws made after it ought to maintain. Hamilton expressed that "the Constitution should be the standard of development for the laws, and that wherever there is an obvious restriction, the laws should offer place to the Constitution" (Document E). In any case, there have been times in United States history where a law has been passed that collides with the Constitution. On the off chance that the Constitution truly is the preeminent law of the United States, than any unlawful law that is passed ought to be toppled. In the event that the Supreme Court did not have the force of legal audit, than the privileges of the Constitution would gradually be taken away by new laws that contention with the Constitution.
What sets the judicial branch apart from the others is the inability to execute the laws and carry out their own decisions made in the high court. Just as it is the executives place to enforce the laws and the legislation to construct laws, it is the responsibility of the courts to determine if the Constitution has been
The rule of law is reflected as a core principle of our nation and vital to ordered liberty. To rightly govern the American rule of law it is essential to acknowledge the continuity between the American Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. The United States of America “government” is framed by these two important documents. The principles of the Declaration of Independence constitute the foundation of the government based on the universal equality of all human beings, and the U.S. Constitution founds the political process that is to be followed by the elected officials in governing the people. One cannot be without the other; both are essential for a stable government.
From the Constitution of Coahuila y Tejas of 1827 to The Texas Constitution of 1876, Texas has come a long way to preserve it unique constitution. With the fourth highest amendments in America, the present Texas constitution is known for its for extremely detailed, poorly written, and confusing nature. Like the national constitution, the Texas Constitution incorporates the principles of separation of power and representative democratic governance. Both constitutions provide a bicameral legislature. In like manner, the Texas Constitution contains a Bill of Rights and a system of diving power between the three branches government, legislative, executive, and Judicial.
The law should hold itself to it’s own standards in order to be
Document A declares that the central government is allowed to regulate trade, conduct
Overview: The Articles of Confederation written by the second continental congress, came in effect on March 1, 1781, was the first constitution of the United States. The articles established a weak central government which led the states having more power and creating conflict. The Articles of Confederation lacked the power of trade and commerce, states had separate currencies, and even different militias. Although the Articles of Confederation were scraped, it became a learning point and the basis of our constitution that has lasted over 200 years and counting.
The relationship between the law and society affects everyone and everything. How the law is written and how it is acted upon in society are two different things. It is imperative, therefore, that we as citizens pay attention to and understand the importance of the relationship between the law and society as it affects both our own lives and the lives of those around us. We engage in and witness the power of the law and society everyday. The law is personal, however, the law is also discretionary depending on where you look.
However, laws should get their legitimacy from religious backing, but the legitimacy should come from either the inherent goodness or
‘The Rule of Law’ came into popularity under the hands of A.V. Dicey in the 19th Century. Aristotle, another renowned philosopher once said more than two thousand years ago, "The rule of law is better than that of any individual. " [1] The Rule of Law is ultimately, the foundation of democracy that every country should acquire for the better of their own legal systems, regardless of whether it is criminal law, civil law or public law. It is a major source of legitimation for governments in the modern world. A government that abides by the rule of law is seen as good and worthy of respect.
The hierarchy of courts of Malaysia begins with the Magistrates’ Court, followed by the Sessions Court, High Court, Court of Appeal and finally is the Federal Court of Malaysia. There are generally two types of trials, criminal and civil. The jurisdiction of the courts in civil or criminal matters are contained in the Subordinate Courts Act 1948 and the Courts of Judicature Act 1964. Article 121 of the Constitution provides for two High Courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction, the High Court in Malaya, and the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak. Thus this creates two separate local jurisdiction of the courts – for Peninsular Malaysia and for East Malaysia.
Material Sources: Material sources of law includes: • Historical Sources: Suppose no statutes exist, then court refers to common law or case law. The principles or set of rules framed traditionally in an unauthorized or in an unofficial way, but are adopted and endorsed as rules, and decisions are made on them as well. Such sources are outlined as COMMON LAW OF EQUITY. The essential characteristic of common law is that it ascends as precedent. When the parties have disagreement on the law, then court looks for previous rulings and precedents on it.
Law is present in our daily life and in everything we do. We cannot think a second without law. Whatever we can see around us everything is connected with the law. Sometimes we can see it and sometimes we cannot see but feel it. Law is not just a thing to obey for yourself but making a peaceful society.