For my generation when many of female friends go off to college their parents teach them not to walk home alone late at night in fear of rape, it is such a common occurrence that a friend of mine has taken to carrying around pepper spray. There is a company called women on guard that provide personal safety equipment for its customers. The problem with this is that young women are taught to be on guard for a shadowy figure attacking them at night and not that “60 to 80 percent of rapes are date or acquaintance rape.” (Koss, Dinero, Siebel, and Cox 1988: 217) The essay “Fraternities and Collegiate Rape Culture: Why are Some Fraternities More Dangerous Places for Women?” by A. Ayres Boswell and Joan Z. Spade differs by acknowledging who the …show more content…
Two were fraternity parties held by either a high-risk fraternity or a low-risk one, the other two locations were bars one frequented by upper classmen and another more catered to freshmen students. The low risk fraternity parties were considered safer by the female population and had an equal number of men and women. The men and women at the low-risk parties interacted more. They knew each other well. There was an atmosphere of respect for women so much so the women bathrooms were clean and well supplied. The high-risk parties however had skewed gender ratios, gender segregation, and an apparent disrespect for women with bathrooms being clogged with vomit in the sink. The bar atmosphere was very different from both types of parties as the music was not as loud and they both had places to sit. However the student at bars behaved the same as those at low-risk parties except when the second bar got overcrowded and they began to behave as if they were at a high-risk party. (Boswell, and Spade 1996: 217-219) Boswell’s and Spade’s experiment can be used to decrease the rates of rape and sexual assault on our campuses because they have identified the cause of acquaintance rape on so many college …show more content…
The first being that “relations between men and women are shaped by the contexts in which they meet and interact.” (Boswell and Spade 1996: 221) This causes rape because the men and women meet at fraternity parties where sex is expected, when a women says no the men find it hard to believe and assume she’s playing hard to get so he does not think badly of her. Another is the attitude towards rape on college campuses, while many women understand and accept the legal definition of rape many of the men interviewed struggled with it one even went as far as to say “If that is the legal definition of rape, then it happens all the time on this campus.” This is a problem because many of the men do not realizing they are raping a girl when it occurs. One last main cause of many of the rapes on campus is the setting. The way each student behaved changed with were they were located and places such as high-risk parties held an attitude that condoned and even encouraged rape. Boswell and Spade identifying the cause of rape helps reduce the rates by making it so faculties can recognize the issues and propose effective
In 2015, Brock Turner, a student from Stanford, sexually assaulted a young woman on campus. Turner claimed that “his actions [were] the product of a culture of drinking, peer pressure and ‘sexual promiscuity’’ which led him to having 6 months in jail on Judge Persky’s ruling. The aftermath of the case, Stanford University, according to Erik Ortiz, “banned hard liquor at all on campus parties; [however], beer and wine are still allowed”, meaning that Stanford made minor changes to address future problems and had little action on the topic. College should focus on sexual assault on campus by enforcing punishment, passing more policies, and learning to ignore their image to reduce the number of rape cases on campus.
One of the biggest problems the colleges were facing, were they did not want to prosecute, or handle a case if it deals with a student athlete. Although rape is rape, most campuses would investigate the athlete after the season was over in order to protect the school’s sport image. One example of a school not bringing justice for the victim, was a young lady named Erica Kinsman who went to Florida State University and was raped by the star football player. The police had the tested Erica, but when it came time to test her rapist they waited until they football team had won the game. Even after the game was over they still believe there was not enough evidence to say he did it.
Rape myths are at the center of the problem of how rape and sexual assault cases are looked at, and treated as in society. Rape myths vary, some excuse the rape, others try to minimize the severity of the situation, while others doubt the act even happened in the first place (Levit and Verchick, 196). Some examples of rape myths include: a victim was “asking for it,” a victim’s previous sexual history, regretful sex is not rape, a woman’s “no” means “yes,” and women lie about rape all the time. Rape myths are targeted towards women, not the rapist. Despite, rape myths being proved false by empirical evidence, they are still prevalent in society.
While the laws that govern rape have changed dramatically since the 19th century, the general premise of rape hasn’t. Men are still using the same 200 year old tactics to rape and dominate women. They are exploiting close relationships for an easier rape. Men continue to belittle women by convincing them that they are dependent upon men in order to survive. High ranking individuals still use their economic and social power against women of lower status to discredit their accusations.
Brock Turner: A name that society hates, a man who people scold, and a rapist who escaped justice. Brock Turner’s case sparked national outcry as the Stanford rapist was released from jail after a mere three months. Though his escape from justice is infuriating and unfair, it is much more beneficial to look at the situation from retrospect to prevent similar future instances from happening in college. While the news heavily focuses on Turner’s behavior, the cause of his actions may partially lie in his environment. On the night of the incident, Brock Turner and his victim attended fraternity Kappa Alpha, and the two drank to the point of extreme intoxication and unconsciousness (Sanchez 4).
According to Card, a continued explanation of what makes an institution so, is that it “offers incentives sufficient to motivate individuals” (101). Aside from the rapists’ personal motives for committing the crime, there are also a few notable societal advantages. Because certain behaviors are “guided and evaluated by its norms,” it should be taken into consideration how rapists are sympathized with for having psychological issues that are not actually there. From this, one can only deduce that throughout all of this, the patriarchal nature of society is disallowing women to have any sort of significant power within the community. Within her writing, Card brings up the concept of “sexual politics,” which can be defined as “social norms” that “create and define” the dispersal of power “between members of the sexes” (100).
The documentary called The Hunting Grounds, had multiple concepts that relate to sociology. Using a sociological perspective, it was very prevalent to see the ways college campuses use patriarchy and gender stratification to keep women who have been sexually assaulted on campus from disclosing information or even getting help about these issues. Through the discrimination against women at these gender institutions the women formed a Feminist movement to bring awareness and help to the victims on campuses all around the world and to stop the assaults from reoccurring. The Hunting Grounds is a documentary that reveals the untold stories of women on college campuses and how these women have fought to have their voice heard about sexual assault on campuses. Sexual assault and rape on campuses has always been a major problem for colleges all over the world yet very little has been done to protect the students.
As Nevada Assemblywoman Michele Fiore put it memorably, “If these young, hot little girls on campus have a firearm, I wonder how many men will want to assault them. [Sexual] assaults... would go down once these sexual predators get a bullet in the head.” Critics
Throughout this documentary, viewers learn that many sexual assault cases happen on college campuses. However, many of these cases are often ignored by college administrators because universities want to keep rape statistics low and they have an financial incentive to do so. In the film it states that there are less than 8% of men in college that commit more than 90% of sexual assaults. This indicates that because
Carone attempts to inform readers on the realities of life as a student actively involved in a fraternity. Through strong language, it is evident that Carone is passionate about the issues of sexual assault. In the article, Carone mentions a typical fraternity environment which can cause cases of sexual assault to go unreported. Casual sex, drugs, and alcohol are common in fraternities, and those who do report are often shut down by other members. Carone talks about several cases to show that many assault cases happen in a similar fashion, usually when the subject is intoxicated.
In 1994, President Bill Clinton signed the Violence Against Women Act (“VAWA”), which funded rape investigations and prosecutions, imposed mandatory sentences on rapists and penalized prosecutors who did not follow standard operating procedures on certain rape cases (Nanos, E., 2015). President Clinton’s successor’s Presidents Bush and Obama, both renewed VAWA during their time in office. Following VAWA, the Clery Act helped colleges fight university campus violence, and in 2013, Congress passed an amendment called the Campus SaVE Act. In July of 2015 Rep. Matt Salmon introduced to the House of Representative the Safe Campus Act (Nanos, 2015).
In society and college campuses, sexual assault occurs quite frequently. According to an estimation one third of women experience a forced sexual experience at least once in their life and most of the time it occurs in colleges. Men have also been reported to be victim of sexual assaults mostly by other men. Most of the time the sexual assault is planned and perpetrated by a third person, who is known to the victim of incident. Drug and alcohol use play role in this issue and contribute to the problem as most of the time the victim and perpetrators are under the effect of alcohol or any other drug during the incident.
Predictors of Sexual Assault While In College Sexual assault on campus is an important public health concern and public safety concern which has been becoming an important topic on colleges and universities across the country. According to a special report conducted by U.S. Department of Justice (2014), the Rape and Sexual Assault Victimization Among College-Age Females, 1995-2013 (U.S. Department of Justice 2014) found that 20% of student victims reported a rape or sexual assault to the police during their time in college. Due to stigma of sexual assault and fear of retaliation we know that significant percentage of individuals never report their sexual assault, and other analyses have victimization reports ranging from 35% to a high of 56%
Starting college is already a very scary time for most students, and I want to make the fear of rape
Dorothy Siegel’s argument in the essay “What Is Behind the Growth of Violence on College Campuses?” is persuasive. Siegel persuades the reader by presenting her points and validating them with facts and statistics. One of the strongest aspects of the argument is that contrary to popular belief, students are committing a majority of the crimes that take place on college campuses; the students “themselves may become the assailants”, not persons from outside of the campus. She further supported this by pointing out that students tend to know their attackers. Another strong aspect of her argument is that campus violence is due to substance abuse.