The plano-convex lens is replaced with another glass plate and a section of optical fibre was placed between them at one end. Light falling normally on the plates will be reflected back out with a phase difference. Figure 3: Apparatus set up for finding the thickness of an optical fibre, showing the optical fibre between the two glass plates This is due to the fact that some of the coherent light waves were reflected from the top plate and others from the bottom, this path difference resulted in the interference of these waves with one another. This caused an interference pattern similar to the below image: Figure 4: Image similar to the observed interference pattern. [3] This pattern is also linked to Equations 1&2 as stated previously.
As discussed in “Ruffle Concept,” there is another way, besides general forces, to cause unbalancing of the warpons. Here is an example. Suppose object B drifts into a significantly dense portion of the warp field of a much larger (and heavier) object A. The long dense warp rays of A, which will be labeled (A), interact with proportionally long dense warp rays (B). As mentioned above in “Mass Concept,” pressurewarp (A) does not directly affect B’s motion, but it compresses the like-directed warp on the far side of B inward toward object B in a way very similar to the effect of B’s own afterwarp.
Therefore, my result is very close to the actual value. From these results, we can conclude that the relation between tension and wavelength is direct. Consequently, using the data, I proved that my hypothesis was correct and they are related as in the formulas presented.
Chamber and Young have analyzed a first order chemical reaction in the neighborhood of a horizontal plate. Das, U.N, Ray, S.N, and Soundalgekar VM (2003).Mass transfer effects on flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate with constant mass flux –an exact solution. Ramamurthy and Govinda Rao (1971) presented the results for flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate. The effects of mass transfer on the transient free convection flow of a dissipative fluid
THE RATE THEORY OF CHROMATOGRAPHY This theory describes the actual process going on inside the chromatographic column with respect to the time taken for the solute to equilibrate between the stationary and mobile phase. The kinetic effect depends upon how much time the mobile phase spends in contact with the stationary phase. The rate of elution affects the band shape of a chromatographic peak. It is also affected by the different paths available to solute molecules as they travel between particles of stationary phase. The reason for band broadening was well explained by Van Deemter equation for plate height HETP = A + B/u + Cu where u is the average velocity of the mobile phase.
However, different molecules will move at quite different and individual rates depending on the physical characteristics of the molecule and on experimental system used. The velocity of movement, ν, of a charged molecule in an electric field depends on variables described by Eq/ f • Nucleic acid molecules are size separated by the aid of an electric field where negatively charged molecules travel toward anode (positive) pole. The migration flow is resulted solely by the molecular weight where small weight molecules migrate faster than larger ones. In addition to size separation, nucleic acid fractionation using agarose gel electrophoresis can be an initial step for further purification of a band of interest. Extension of the technique includes expunging the desired “band” from a stained gel viewed with a UV transilluminator.
Analysis of the Wave Nature of Light through the Study of Diffraction and Interference Patterns Deligero, Lawrence1, Maquinto, Charles2, Payoran, John Aldrin3*, Raymundo, Francisco1 1Department of Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 2Department Industrial Engineering and Operations Research 3Deparment of Geodetic Engineering College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines *John Aldrin Payoran: johnaldrinpayoran@gmail.com Abstract In this conducted experiment, the wave-like characteristics of light were studied and observed. This was done using the concepts of interference and diffraction. Interference is exhibited when light passes through narrow slits. Due to constraints, a slit will always be of finite
Fig 2.1 schematically shows how the theories proposed regarding electric double layer capacitors have changed over time. The first model was introduced by Helmholtz38. Helmholtz proposed that if a charged surface is immersed into an electrolyte containing mobile ions, the surface would attract the counter-ions towards the surface and repel the like charge ions at the surface (9,10). His hypothesis further suggests that a monolayer would be formed of counter-ions near the surface, separated by a distance d, which is approximately equal to half of the diameter of the ion. This system is analogous to a conventional capacitor.
Greater is the angular velocity of the sun disk, the greater is the increase in the impact velocity as the detachment velocity of the balls increases and the flying time shortens. This impact velocity is an important parameter, which determines what energy acts upon the powder particles during the mechanical milling. Impact energy is described as the difference between the kinetic energy calculated for the moment of detachment of the ball and the velocity of the ball after the impact. Change of the impact energy (Eb) as a function of the sun disk rotational speed (np) and the ratio (i) . ratio (i) is the ratio between the size of the vial (rv), and the position of the vial on the sun disk
For instance in vacuum, the phase velocity of the numerical wave modes in the FDTD mesh can be different from vacuum speed of light. In fact the phase velocity of the numerical wave modes is a function of wavelength, the size of the cells and the direction of propagation. This numerical dispersion can carry to non-physical output such as dilatation of single-pulse waveforms, imprecise canceling of multiple scattered wave and pseudo refraction [49]. It is described that to limit the amount of numerical dispersion, the size of each cell must be at least ten times smaller than the shortest wavelength that propagate on a space grid. Of course the numerical dispersion will be reduced even further if smaller cell size is used.