“The Perils of Obedience”, written by Stanley Milgram in 1973, explores how her experiment demonstrated people’s affinity to obey orders even if it means someone will get hurt. Milgram is a leading social psychologist who disproved previously considered notions about obedience and authority. Her work demonstrates how obedience trumps morality and gives support for this phenomena with examples from history. By using different participants’ reactions, the author is able to analyze the meaning behind the experiment. The author begins by describing obedience in relation to social life and how it is often framed in history and literature. For example, Plato is thought to have grappled with the age old question of whether one should obey even if it does not comply with your conscience. This line of thinking is precisely what Milgram was observing in her experiments. Milgram conducted an experiment in which she tested the limits of how much pain an ordinary person can inflict on another person after being ordered to by an …show more content…
The author describes how language can be used to characterize this type of morality as loyalty, duty, and discipline. The use of language and its complexity is similarly described in “The Death of the Author” and how Barthes argues that the writer and his creation should be as separate as possible. Language or the use of words like “duty” and “loyalty” allow the author to understand the justification behind the teachers’ behavior. The way Barthes disassociates the author from his work, the teachers try to disassociate their emotions from their behavior. Furthermore, this experiment proved that ordinary people can easily become agents to committing terrible acts using the justification that they simply followed orders. This article not only revealed an aspect of human nature, but it also described a possible methodology of a scientific
In the article, “The Perils of Obedience,” by Stanley Milgram,
Stanley Milgram: The Perils of Obedience Stanley Milgram experiment is concerning peoples’ willingness to conform to an authority figure. The question Milgram was trying to answer was would a subject kill with electrical shock, due to an authority figure instructing them too. One individual was the learner being hooked up to electrodes, however, not literally.
Obedience is tested by how long the subject will continue to “shock the victim”. The point of this study is to determine if Americans are obedient even if they know the act is wrong. 2. What is/are the research questions and/or hypothesis/hypotheses? How obedient would subjects be to researchers when it comes to shocking a victim?
While arguably one of the defining psychological studies of the 20th Century, the research was not without flaws. Almost immediately the study became a subject for debate amongst psychologists who argued that the research was both ethically flawed and its lack of diversity meant it could not be generalized. Ethically, a significant critique of the experiment is that the participants actually believed they were administering serious harm to a real person, completely unaware that the learner was in fact acting. Although Milgram argued that the illusion was a necessary part of the experiment to study the participants’ reaction, they were exposed to a highly stressful situation. Many were visibly distraught throughout the duration of the test
The Milgram’s experiment film, is a social obedience and human interaction with authority figures and conformity. The experiment involved placing an individual in a situation in which they would be forced to choose either to obey or disobey commands given by an authoritative person that were contrary to their own morals. The prisoners were to remain unnamed and only referred to themselves and others by their ID number. As an additional for shaving their heads, the prisoners were forced to wear a stocking cap. The film was very sad and emotional to watch how these people/ student actors was treated and how could they do a such thing like this.
Since the beginning of the human existence, man has always dominated and ruled over one another be it empires, corporations, or small groups. Authority and obedience has always been a factor of who we are. This natural occurrence can be seen clearly through the psychological experiments known as The Milgram Experiment and the Stanford Prison Experiment. Both of these studies are based on how human beings react to authority figures and what their obedience is when faced with conflict.
Ian Parker, author of “Obedience”, provides accurate depictions of the immediate and long-term effects of Dr. Stanley Milgram’s Experiment. In addition, he includes that under complex situations, individuals are easily induced to react through a destructive manner (Parker103). Americans commonly underestimate the influences of a situation; however, Parker thoroughly delineates the consequences behind blind obedience (Parker 104). Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton, authors of “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience” construe the atrocity of blind obedience committed by the United States Military. In March of 1968, crimes of obedience occurred due to an elusive order commanded by a higher ranked officer (Kelman&Hamilton 131).
The author explains that there are many philosophies about obedience but they don’t give much information about the behaviors of subjects in critical or complicated situation. Milgram sets up an experiment at Yale University to see the reaction of a citizen when ordered by the experimenter to hurt other person. The author
Over time, the guards began to blindly follow their instructions, even if they were dehumanizing and mistreating the prisoners. The prisoners, in turn, became passive and resigned to their mistreatment. This experiment illustrates how even seemingly normal individuals can turn to evil when their individuality is compromised by societal pressure to
Milgram identifies that obedience has problems in the area of accountability for oneself and that people can be accomplices to a malicious act and still go along with it or be obedient because that individual did not directly commit that brutal act. He brings about questions of why certain harmful, cruel, and unethical situations that a person might face and determine it is wrong may conform if an authority figure told them it was okay and they were not accountable in that situation. Milgram describes the fragmentation of an individual human act as having no consequences or responsibility for evil acts that they have committed. There were problems associated with obedience when there was no physical presence when equivalent authorities had
In this assignment the research study to be discussed is Milgram’s study of obedience (1963). The term of obedience can be defined as a type of community impact that incorporates carrying out an activity under orders from a dominant figure. Obedience concerns changing behaviour because a dominant figure has told you to do so. After World War II, at the Nuremberg Trials, the Nazi’s defended genocide by saying they were only pursuing procedures. In 1963, Stanley Milgram set out to investigate how far people would go in obedience to orders.
1. Discuss how the established routine, cognitive dissonance, and an agentic shift (i.e., release from responsibility) all worked together to lead to obedience in the Milgram study (basic paradigm). Discuss how each of these 3 factors could have, similarly, influenced the behaviors at Abu Ghraib. The results of the Milgram’s experiment were quite alarming as well as shocking.
This experiment was to help Milgram figure out if one is willing to give
As a specialist in research, it was Milgram's primary duty to have an experiment were his theory could be tried yet in addition were participants would be educated of what they were taking part in. This prompts the dishonest issue that this experiment caused the vast majority of the participants pain, which was a consequence of them being deceived about the experiment. Ethical issues that have been put forward would prevent such a study being replicated today, but a less harmful technique to test the means of obedience may be less applicable to the real world (Glassman & Hadad 2004). Milgram's examinations have been criticized intensely and justifiably so, it is undoubted that participant were put under extensive pressure. Be that as it may,
The topic of this assignment is to discuss and analyse what factors affect human behavior and in doing so how human behavior is shaped. But before discussing that, it is important to understand what human behavior is. To define it in a few sentences or words would not be sufficient as human behavior consists of many factors and therefore contributes majorly to who we are as a person. But to put it simply, it is defined as all actions and emotions that an individual portrays in response to the different kinds of stimuli they receive no matter whether these responses are conscious or subconscious and voluntary or involuntary (Merriam-webster.com, 2015).