Essay On Romanesque Architecture

The Fayum funerary portraits were predecessors to icons in their medium. Both use either tempera or the encaustic painting technique (Cite). Likewise their functions were quite similar. Funerary portraiture was used as a way to memorialize the deceased, the viewer was supposed to recall the life of who was being depicted, while a Christian icon’s purpose was for the viewer to remember the saint and more importantly the deeds which made them a saint (Cite). It is clear to see why early Christians would have turned to this type of funerary portraiture as they began making icons.

According to ancient sources as well as contemporary academic researches, Christianity was significantly influenced by Hellenistic and Roman religion and Greek philosophy. Christianity in particular adopted many pagan features in its structure, terminology, cult and theology. In order, though to conceive of how Christianity triumphed over paganism, one should at first take a closer look at pagan cults and practices. This essay attempts to adduce the main characteristics of pagan cults, according to John North’s book Roman Religion, remark the major differences between pagan and Christian cults and, finally, produce several reasons about how paganism conduced to the rise and victory of Christianity.

Denominations in America date back to when “many people immigrated to the colonies in the early years… [and] they brought with them their churches and denominations” (Rhodes 14). Once in the Americas, “these various churches took on an American flavor and adapted to fit in with American society” and in many of these cases “churches split off from a parent denomination because of differences in belief” (Rhodes 14). Churches continued to branch off into new denominations and each have “some distinct beliefs and histories” (Rhodes 18). For religions such as Protestantism “the work of several influential christian leaders gave rise to new denominations” (Rhodes 18).

As the empire expanded, Roman Religion absorbed many gods and culture of conquered nations, but the influence would always remained in Greece (L.Wasson, 2013). Traditional Roman Religion had become weaker by the influence of Greek philosophy, which recommended the idea of there being a single god. 70years before the uprise of Jewish against Rome, Jesus was born in Bethlehem. As a young man, Jesus began preaching the poor. People believed that Jesus perform miracles.

There were two major leaders that led the Protestant Reformation in Europe. The first was Martin Luther who wrote “95 Theses”, which were new religious beliefs, and nailed them to the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church. Eventually, he was outlawed and found refuge with Saxon princes, but his ideas continued to spread throughout Germany

Christian missionaries have participated in imperialist domination of the Native Americans and Asians, in the past, by imposing cultural changes on native populations in the name of religion. They have succeeded in removing their cultural identities. The technological disparity between the new world and the old world allowed for the west to gain a distinct psychological advantage over the new world. Most of the European missionaries during the colonial era were Catholic. That was partly because two Catholic countries, Spain and Portugal, took the lead in exploration.

It was expressed most powerfully in churches, cathedrals and even castles with its characteristics that show emotion. Many gothic revivals began in mid-18th century in England and spread through 19th century Europe and continued largely into the 20th century. Famously known castle built in the end of the 15th century for its gothic military architecture with a great history of undergoing changes throughout the years was Moritzburg Castle,a fortified castle now known as Moritzburg Museum. Moritzburg Castle was initially built as residence for the archbishop of Magdeburg and a “Castle” during the 15th century was important to build in order to gain better control over the town and kept it obedient and quiet. The purpose of this

Heading towards the modern times, the concept had been disappearing from literature. Beginning with the Anglo–Saxon, Caedmon’s Hymn is famous in depicting the story of man from his creation in Eden, his fall to the last judgement. [21] St. Augustine brought Christianity to Anglo-Saxon before that they were pagan. [22] Cynewulf’s The Christ is another significant Christian literary fragment.

David is a topic from the Old Testament, which is widely repeated and done by many artists. David is a story where it shows that not only does strength wins in a battle but also wits. Each artist depicts David in different views and moments, like Michelangelo who is an Italian sculptor painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance, another is Gian Lorenzo Bernini who is an Italian architect and sculptor, and he was credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. Although both artists depicted David, but each one had different style where Bernini’s is more expressive then Michelangelo’s. Looking at both sculptures of David, there are some similarities which can be noticed.

How can Modernism, which is hailed because of its minimalism, rationalism, and functionalism, produce anything that can remotely be considered a monument? This is a question scholars and architects pondered during the 1940s. Moreover, monuments were not actually required until the post-war era. With the war came totalitarian regimes well acquainted with monumental architecture and unprecedented global causalities, which resulted in a push for memorial projects. One architect that becomes interested in this faltering was Louis Kahn.

Between 600 and 1450, religion in Europe changed in that a schism occurred and Russia converted to Christianity. However, there was a near nonstop conflict between the popes and political leaders throughout this time. A major change that occurred between 600 and 1450 was Russia’s conversion to Orthodox Christianity. In 980, Vladimir I, a ruler of Novgorod who had fallen from power, returned from exile to Kiev with a band of Varangians and made himself the grand prince of Kievan Russia.

Christianity is one of the main reasons why the Roman Empire fell. The Christian religion was monotheistic which is the belief in one god while the traditional religion of the Romans was polytheistic which is the belief in many gods. “By approving Christianity, the Roman state directly

“Continuity gives us roots: change gives us branches, letting us stretch and grow and reach new heights,”(Paneline R. Keser). The Roman Empire grew like a tree with its continuities and changes throughout 100 CE to 600 CE. Rome continued to have similar language, fighting brutal wars, men dominating women, and twelve tables in the government through this time period. The changes in religion & beliefs, Pax Romana, population, and the border problems were not beneficial and led to the defeat of the Roman Empire. Rome was starting to drift in the wrong way they believed they were going.

Ever since the Protestant Reformation started in sixteenth century Germany, Europe was arguably no longer the same. The revival of Biblical theology had led to Western Christendom splitting into various denominations of the Christian faith, with Protestant sects and other Orthodox Churches. Despite the Church of Rome still holding remarkable power and influence through its Papal States and the Holy Roman Empire, the Pope could no longer be considered as the sole religious authority in Europe. Contrary to popular opinion, this revolution cannot be solely credited to Martin Luther and his theological writings, but rather to a chain of events that had, was and will happen during the century. The transformations in Europe instead was key to the