Theories In Qualitative Research Theory

These descriptions along with elements of self-study –that it is self-initiated and self- focused, and that it is interactive (LaBoskey, 2004), have provided a knowledge base for my research. Through the discussion with my FYP advisor, from this critical viewpoint he questioned: “From where you started to get into the state of Exulansis?”, “How do you define your state in Exulansis?” and “Are you the same person in all of these stories?” The fact that these and other questions have pushed my thinking, helped me make connections between my experiences, served to uncover new understandings and facilitated the interrogation into the underlying assumptions and values that have shaped my

In grounded theory, the researcher is encouraged to develop some level of abstraction, objectivity and sensitive to words and statements throughout the research process (Patton, 1990). It is therefore worth considering grounded theory methodology for examining managerial

These methods are commonly used in for data collection in narrative inquiries. According to Creswell (2005), narrative inquiry involves problem identification, purposeful selection of the research sample, collection of stories from the participants, collaboration between the researcher and the individual telling the story, retelling the narratives given by participants and finally the researcher writing the experiences of the participants, these are the procedures that the researcher proposes to follow in the proposed

Outsider's view or Researcher's view: Here Researcher have access to their world through experience and observation and on the basis of this the meanings of participants are interpreted and a phenomenon identified and described. So, Researchers can not always rely on the participant's accounts but are able to take their words and actions as reflections of underlying meanings. Hence, In interpretive approach, main focus is on issues, language and approach that recoganize their silenced voices, honour their individual differences and position both researchers and participant's view in a historical, personal, and political context.(Deem,2002) Qualitative Research Qualitative Research is concerned with describing and explaining individual's experiences, behaviour, interactions with the other people within a social context without the use of statistical procedure or quantification, So, Qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings attempting to make sense of interpret the phenomenon in terms of the meanings people bring to them.

Research philosophy Research philosophy lay down the background of how researchers understand the world, the choice of research philosophy reflect our knowledge, experiences, preconceptions, and research capability. Thus our knowledge, experiences and etc., which underpin the philosophy choice, will determine our research paradigm, strategy, design and method. (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 128-129).

Descriptive phenomenology is the method of choice in this study since the researcher is interested in seeking objective and unbiased findings within the participants’ answers. As well as searching for forms inside the meanings of the studied phenomena by asking participants who have experienced phenomena using open exploratory questions (Guignon, 2012). However, if the researcher aims to reveal the hidden meaning instead of the normal one and go beyond from description to interpretation then interpretative phenomenology is the method of choice (Cooney,

The questions asked in this type of research usually begin with words like 'How ', 'Why", 'What '. So here the researchers are after meaning. The social meanings people attribute to their experiences, circumstances, and situations, as well as the meanings people embed into texts and other objects, are the focus of qualitative research. Therefore, at the heart of their work, qualitative researcher try to extract meaning from their data. The focus is generally words and texts as compared to or opposed to numbers.

Moreover, the researcher becomes the main data collection instrument (Lincoln and Guba, 1985) because it constructs the researched reality through the very interaction with what is researched. Lincoln and Guba write that “every act of observation influences what is seen” (1985:39). This approach places the researcher at the place of the research where it needs to be present to be able to understand first hand and draw its own conclusions. “The knower and the known are inseparable” (Lincoln and Guba1985:37).

4. Methodology: 4.1. Qualitative Research methodology: We will be using the Qualitative research methodology for collecting and analysing the data for this project report. Qualitative research can be defined as a broad base methodological approach, one that can encompass many research methods.

Within the generic label of autoethnography there are a number of different sub genres which various theorists have conceived upon analysis of the patterns emerging in autoethnographical writing. Scholars chart out the presence of two main approaches of autoethnography in literature - ‘analytic’ and ‘evocative’. Evocative autoethnography engages the reader in the understanding of the narrative and analytic autoethnography not only calls for a personal understanding of the text but also makes visible how the researcher’s memories combine with social science theories to construct interpretations of certain events. Van Mannen in his Tales of the Field (2011) has distinguished three forms of autoethnographic studies-realist; impressionist and confessionist. While Carolyn Ellis and Richardson have talked about both the impressionist and the realist story, the terms of reference varied.

Qualitative research design helped me identify my goals by consulting available research literature that is appropriate to my topic. The design decisions are explained and justified because my research question is based on prior research experiences. This design allows me to collect and analyze the data outcomes. 4. Is the design appropriate, given the research question?