Vegetable Oils Research Paper

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1Overview
Vegetable oils have been previously used as lubricants since times immemorial but their fame as lubricants declined with advent of petroleum base lubricants by Goyan et al (1998).The use of vegetable oils and their esters however continued as lubricants in applications like rolling, cutting, drawing and quenching operations either alone or in combination with mineral oils because of their superior lubricity and higher specific heat by K Nishizawa (1976), HA Smith and R M Mcgill (1957), R K Brandth R F Morton (1978). The esters of dibasic, such as sebacic, palargaonic and azelaic with mono, di and polyhydric, such as 2-ethylhexanol,(C9-C14) oxo alcohols, polyglycols, pentaerythritol and neopentyl alcohol

Bio lubricants are employed to various degrees with the hope of minimizing the life cycle environmental impacts compared to mineral based lubricants. Future green processes are designed to use agricultural resources as feedstocks and green chemistry for product manufacture by NRCBIP (1999). Approximately 50 percent of all traditional lubricants are released into the surroundings throughout use, spills, and discarding leads to situation that could be reduced with the use of bio lubricants. During last decade India has maintained a elevated growth rate in accepting the improved technological challenges in worldwide development. According to the 2001 world commercial energy demand which was 03.50%, India stood in sixth position. By 04.80% energy demand is estimated to rise annually. Lubricants, mostly petroleum based are not fully biodegradable and contain high toxic content compared to bio based options obtained from plant oils such as: sunflower, soybean, thumba, rapeseed, karanja, palm, neem and linseed. Therefore mineral based and used lubricants can lead to major damage to the environment, chiefly to water aquatic life. Survey on bio

The lubricating oil or grease market in India is of order 01.70 million litres and is growing at around 01.60% annually. Therefore it is estimated that it is expected to grow to the level of 02 to 04 million tons in 2015-2017. In order to meet the biodegradability and experimental regulation, we have to import required quantity of bio-degradable lubricant or develop indigenous bio-lubricant. Bio-degradable lubricant can be vegetable oil based or synthetic esters. Use of bio-degradable lubricant which is mainly derived from genetically modified vegetable oil would be used in Industrial Agricultures, Forests sector and ultimately in transport sector. It is estimated that approximately 50% of all lubricants sold worldwide end up in the environment through total loss applications, volatility, spills or accidents. In 1990 EU and USA together 2.3 10+9 L of