Molecular biology Essays

What is the Difference between Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics? Doing Biology is an interesting aspect of human study and it involves various unique findings that have paved way for major medical researches, discoveries and inventions of medicines that are all useful for the health of living beings. Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics form part and parcel of Biology and are overlapping in their theories and approaches with some minute differences. Following statements beautifully

In 1958, a molecular biologist named Francis Crick coined the term central dogma of molecular biology. The central dogma describes the process of how DNA is transcribed into RNA, which then get translate into proteins that is responsible for the traits expression in organisms (Crick, 1970). In eukaryotic, DNA are stores within structures known as chromosomes, which are inherited from the parental organisms, this process is known as vertical gene transfer. In contrast, bacteria can undergo horizontal

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) Today i’m here to talk to you about crispr “what's crispr” you might ask you also might ask “why does it have no E its triggering my ocd” and my answer is well too bad because i say that word about fifty times in this essay so what does crisper stand for it stands for Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and is super annoying to type so i’m not going to do that any more but I AM going to tell you about how crispr

Content: • Introduction to Transcription Termination • Rho Factor (ρ) • Rho Dependent Termination • Rho Independent Termination Introduction to Transcription Termination In prokaryotes there are two types of termination that may occur. These are Rho Dependent Termination and Rho Independent Termination. Termination is controlled by specific nucleotide sequences called terminator sequences. These sequences are defined as points where the rate of addition of the next RNA nucleotide is slower than

=Describe two cellular processes that involve a covalent linkage between DNA and a protein. Answers: One method is called Strand Exchange mechanism where one of the single-strand 3ʹ ends from the damaged DNA molecule emerges its way into the template duplex and searches it for homologous sequences through base-pairing. Once the base pairing is established, DNA polymerase extends the invading strand by using the information provided by the undamaged template molecule, thus restoring the damaged DNA

who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on electrophoresis, adsorption analysis and his discoveries concerning the complex nature of serum protein. It is a technique used in laboratories in order to separate macromolecules based on molecular size and charge. • This technique applies a negative charge so proteins move towards a positive charge. This is used for both nucleic acids and proteins. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, while proteins

Regulation of trp and ara operon trp operon: The trp operon is a group of genes that are used, or transcribed, together that codes for the components for production of tryptophan. The trp operon is present in many bacteria, but was first characterized in Escherichia coli. The operon is regulated so that when tryptophan synthesis are not expressed. It was an important experimental system for learning about gene regulation, and is commonly used to teach gene regulation. Discovered in 1953 by Jacques

The polymerase chain reaction or known as (PCR) is a scientific technique used in molecular biology to amplify a specific DNA sequence.It can be used very quickly and efficiently to produce millions or billions of copies of single DNA sequence. Polymerase chain reaction or PCR uses repeated cycles of heating and cooling to make the copies of specific DNA. High temperature is necessary to break weak hydrogen bond that binds the two stands of DNA together and as a result multiple copies of a

In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage.[1] Every species is capable of regeneration, from bacteria to humans.[2][3] Regeneration can either be complete[4] where the new tissue is the same as the lost tissue,[4] or incomplete[5] where after the necrotic tissue comes fibrosis.[5] At its most elementary level, regeneration is mediated

There are a variety of widely practiced molecular genotyping used in a forensic entomological investigation, which can be beneficial when it comes to using DNA-based specimen identification, as well as the identification of insect gut contents, and the characterization of the population of genetic structure of forensically insect species. As with most of the live sciences, forensic entomology increasingly uses the tools of molecular biology with the impact of attracting researches and performing

From the primary literature, briefly summarize two studies that have used Drosophila as a model organism in a genetic or evolutionary context (Twenty Five Marks). The aggressive behaviour of the Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) have been observed in a study to see the reaction of various neurobiological factors. Several techniques are used in the study including behavioural and genetic techniques. In the brain of the Drosophila melanogaster, neurotransmitters dopamine and octopamine as well

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transformation in 1928 when he was studying the ability of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae “gain back the its virulence by being incubated with heat killed bacteria, this Griffith called transformation. Transformation is very important in molecular biology because of its diverse use. Bacteria that can use transformation are said to be “competent”. Also, competency

program was initiated by the Australian government, which conducted surveys in NSW in 2010, the data collected from the surveys shows that the fungus has already been recorded on 107 host species in 30 genera. Understanding the genome: Advanced molecular biology techniques

The technique is often used in research to detect specific proteins which have extracted from cells. In this process, a mixture of proteins separated based on two distinguishing properties which are molecular weight and antibody binding specificity. According to the procedure, proteins first separated based on size which have to perform with SDS-PAGE. Next, the proteins from the gel are then transferred to a polymer membrane (PVDF or nitrocellulose) to

This experiment undergoes the use of recombinant DNA technology. This is the merging of DNA molecules. The molecules are extracted from two diverse species which are then introduced into a host organism. This then creates a first-hand genetic arrangement which can be of worth to science, the medical field, cultivation and diligence. It is generally straight forward to segregate an example of DNA from an assortment of cells (Telser, 2002). Though, locating a specific gene within the DNA sample can

Analysis of Lambda DNA using Restriction Enzymes and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Sage Hill School, 20402 Newport Coast Drive, Newport Coast, CA 92657 1. Introduction DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of nitrogenous base molecules held together by weak hydrogen bonds. DNA is necessary to encode genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms. If the DNA is changed or adjusted, the structure and function of the organism will change as well. Selectively

Ion-paired reverse phase liquid chromatography for the detection, separation and quantification of nucleotides If you are working in the field of molecular biology, there is hardly a day that goes by without the use of nucleotides. But beyond the use of the four well known deoxynucleotides in PCR, there are several other uses of nucleotides. In the field of enzymology, nucleotides are used as substrates of various enzymes. For example, kinases and phosphatases use nucleotides as substrates while

began to think along similar lines. After all, Pauling had already discovered helical motifs in protein structures. Around this time, Francis Crick - with a background in maths and physics, and the younger James Watson, with expertise in the molecular biology of phage (viruses that infect bacteria, then used as a laboratory tool for genetic studies), joined forces at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, (Picture 2 on the Left) intent on cracking the DNA structure themselves, using a model building

to amplify a DNA (Templeton, 1992). Later on in 1985, Kary B. Mullis invented the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) which is used today in different fields, such as scientific research, clinical diagnostics and criminal investigations. PCR is a molecular biology tool that is used to amplify a fragment of DNA to generate thousands to millions of copies. This technique is based on an enzymatic reaction which is controlled by thermal cycling, where every cycle consists of heating and cooling steps. The