Why Fracking Is Bad

Also, the sitting of oil, sewerage, and water pipes in active zones increases the rate of thaw, which causes the fracturing of pipes as the ground moves. Further, the drilling for oil and gas cause the heat from the drilling fluid melts the permafrost. Also, road construction upsets the equilibrium of slopes produced by solifluction. b) Outline the ways how thermokarst can be decreased. (i.e.

Analysis The Beginning In 1949, fracking was introduced to oil companies as a way to use hydraulic fracturing by creating vertical wells. Fracking is the use of pumping water, proppant, and chemicals down a well that is either gas or oil in order to break channels into rocks that contain these oils or gas. In order to properly obtain these pressure oils, we have to create holes in the thousands of miles of rocks below

Acid mine drainage is another negative impact of coal mining especially in wet environments. When surface water (H2O) reacts with sulphide minerals in coal heaps or exposed coal rocks it chemically reacts to produce acidic water such as sulphuric acid (H2SO4). STUDENT No. 48494070 STUDENT NAME: NOBLE KANYERA UNIQUE No. 603854 5 ASSIGNMENT 02

it is required in huge amount and this are obtained by mining rivers which effects the river by lowering the stream bottom, Depletion of sand in the stream bed and along coastal areas causes the deepening of rivers and estuaries, and the enlargement of river mouths and coastal inlets. It may also lead to saline-water intrusion from the nearby sea. The effect of mining is compounded by the effect of sea level rise. Any volume of sand exported from streambeds and coastal areas is a loss to the

All-inclusive just a little rate of oil slicks happen as an aftereffect of tanker mishaps, for example, blasts, frame disappointment, running on solid land or even impacts. Tanker mischances result in oil slicks that are extremely hurtful on account of the extensive volumes of oil discharged without a moment's delay. This represents a genuine danger to the lives of marine creatures furthermore ocean-feathered creatures. The spillage of oil because of a stacking or emptying issue is another classification of tanker mishaps. This sort of spillage is the most incessant of the oil slicks.

A local community Board of Supervisors has been approached by a company wishing to use hydraulic fracturing in the county. Fracking is drilling into the Earth and injecting a high pressure water, sand, and chemical mixture to crack the shale and release the gases inside. Natural gases are trapped inside shale rock, and are becoming more and more important to U.S. and world economies. Its proponents advocate the economic benefits of more extensively accessible hydrocarbons. [6][7] However, opponents argue that these are outweighed by the potential environmental impacts, which include risks of ground and surface water contamination, air and noise pollution, and potentially triggering earthquakes, along with the consequential hazards to public health and the environment.

Plastic shrinkage crack may not affect the strength of structure but will ruin the appearance of the structure and the crack to full depth may allow water to penetrate it. Figure 9. Plastic Shrinkage Crack Figure 9[10] is a representation of plastic shrinkage crack where crack propagation is highly evident. There are several ways to minimize this crack such as in hot weather, lower the temperature of the fresh concrete by using chilled mixing water or replacing some of this water with crushed ice. Covering the concreted area to avoid excess evaporation or proper curing can help reduce this crack formation.

The main way that oil and natural gas reserves are acquired are through the means of Fracking. Also known as hydrofracking, this method utilizes a drill that drills down thousands of feet underground, which is then flushed with millions of gallons of water along with additive chemicals at high pressures to break the rocks sheltering the reserves. This method of attainment is quite risky as it comes with many unfavorable consequences that are quite unbeneficial. Like fossil fuel plants, fracking also releases greenhouse gasses like methane(Potential Health and Environmental Effects of Hydrofracking in the Williston Basin, Montana), which is worse than carbon dioxide and causes air pollution. Alongside that, pollutants like Benzene and Xylene also leak out during the fracking process, which is known to cause serious health conditions and even death in some cases due to the long exposure to the pollutants(Potential Health and

This is because the rainwater travels down to the sedimentary rocks and dissolves them creating a karst region. Also, if rain can't replenish the water table, it can either increase or decrease. When it decreases, it causes drought, which leads to water becoming unstable. Therefore, climate change and other factors trigger sinkholes to

Groundwater Contamination Sarah Katherine Sykes Mrs.Crump 25 September, 2015 GroundWater Contamination Groundwater comes from surface water bodies or rain water, they soak into the dirt and rocks and build up in the tiny spaces between the dirt and rocks. Groundwater pollution occurs when a hazardous substance gets mixed and dissolves in the water soaked in the soil. Groundwater becomes contaminated in multiple ways, hen rain water or surface water contaminate the soil while soaking into the ground, it becomes polluted and carries the pollution from the soil to the groundwater, it also becomes contaminated when hazardous substances soak down through the dirt or rock into the groundwater. Some liquid hazardous substances remain steady within the soil or bedrock. These substances act as long-term sources of groundwater contamination while the groundwater moves throughout the so or rock and mixes with them.

On the other side of the debate are environmental groups, who point to the harm fracking can cause to the environment. Fracking is the process of pumping different liquids into the ground at high pressure to create fractures, cracks, and fissures in the rock so oil or gas can be extracted. The companies involved in the fracking industry are forced to stop extracting gas. This is because there has been a moratorium placed on Hydraulic Fracturing until further notice. A moratorium is a temporary prohibition of an activity.

Carbon dioxide is an asphyxiant with a density greater than air which leads it to accumulate in low or enclosed spaces, and asphyxiation fatalities will occur when there is a high concentration of CO2. In the room temperature, carbon dioxide is odourless and colourless which means that we are unable to smell or see it at the elevated concentrations. With the concentration of carbon dioxide, people will have headache and loss of consciousness, and inhale high density CO2 will cause death. Factors that could lead to leakage of carbon dioxide includes the damage to structures and equipment and improper maintenance of pipelines. Since there is a carbon dioxide compression process on site, the leakage is similar to a pressurised release and the leak of carbon dioxide is colder than the surrounding atmosphere (HSE, 2015).

Fracking involves drilling a hole into the ground and injecting a combination of fluids and chemicals into the shale. The fracking fluid contains upwards of 600 different chemicals (David). The pressure of the fluid is what causes the shale to fracture, then releases natural gas. That fracking fluid is what is really dangerous, as this is what poses the biggest threat, since many of those chemicals are extremely dangerous and some are completely unknown by the public. After the fracking process is complete, the fracking water, known as flowback, which includes water, chemicals and additives, is either collected and transferred to holding-tanks or it is injected back into the ground for storage

Hydraulic Fracturing, otherwise known as fracking is the process of injecting large amounts of sand, water, and other chemicals into the shale rocks deep beneath the ground in order to flow natural gas back onto the surface of the well. This process was invented in the early 1900s, and has been controversial ever since. There are two sides to the debate, one being that fracking is known to be horrible for the environment. Fracking has caused families to need to be displaced, and emitted thousands of toxic chemicals into the air causing major public health issues. At the same time, fracking has reduced the reliability on coal, which is known to be horrible for the environment; it has also brought hundreds of thousands of gallons of natural gas