The Benefits of Using Hallucinogenic Drugs in Modern Medicine and Their Positive Effects on Psychological Disorders
Eloisa Underhill
Depaul University
In the United States addictive disorders and psychological disorders are extremely common. The lifetime rates for the United States population of nicotine use disorder, 25%; alcohol use disorder, 12%; and illicit drug use disorder, 10.3%; (Bogenschutz & Johnson, 2016). The lifetime rates for the United States population of any disorder, 46.4%; anxiety disorders, 28.8%; mood disorders, 20.8&; substance use disorders, 14.6% (Kessler et al., 2005). All of the addictive disorders are preventable and treatable but are the leading cause of death and disability not only in the United States but also around the world and half of the United States will meet the criteria for a DSM IV disorder sometime in their lifetime (Kessler et al., 2005). Ever since the 1800’s when mescaline was introduced and described there has been a huge scientific interest in hallucinogenic drugs to treat substance use disorders. If Hallucinogenic drugs could potentially benefit the individual during therapy then something should be done to make these drugs available in therapy. In this paper I will review why there has been such a
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purpurea. In an uncontrolled setting the effects of LSD can be unexpected but under a controlled setting the effects are positive (Passie, 2008). An investigation of LSD started because of the many similarities between schizophrenic and drug induced LSD behavior (Rubin, 1957). These set of investigations were known as “experimental psychosis”. This literature provided a lot of information regarding the pharmacology of LSD. Knowing how LSD affects the brain provides a better understanding of how it could benefit individuals when paired with psychotherapy. Although the research on LSD is extensive there is still a lot that still isn’t known about this
Underground research on LSD and microdosing Schirp first became interested in the “potential of microdosing psychedelics” after reading about James Fadiman, a psychologist and researcher at Sofia University in Palo Alto, California, and his life’s work. His book The Psychedelic Explorer’s Guide, Fadiman (http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0051OHLVG/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B0051OHLVG&linkCode=as2&tag=offsitoftimfe-20&linkId=ZL6UJRE4OXOTM57B) addressed in details the practice and came to the conclusion that “micro-dosing turns out to be a totally different world.” Since research with LSD remains banned, Fadiman relied on a group of volunteers who would send him details of their doses and daily routines by email. Study participants functioned normally in their work and relationships, Fadiman said, but with increased focus, emotional clarity, and
Prior to doing the readings and watching the in-class videos, my general stance on hallucinogens was that they should definitely be legally prohibited. My stance on this issue was formed out of my own perceptions on what I thought of them and not really based on any real reasonable information on the subject. However, after the readings and watching the videos I find myself more educated on the subject, I now find myself questioning my previous position. My understanding of what I thought of hallucinogens was based on highly subjective views, on being stereotypical, and like the Spanish, I viewed them as evil drugs in way. However, now that I’ve been exposed to the religious and exploratory side I find myself with mix feeling and on board with both views.
Taking in toxic and harmful drugs can cause a change in the way an individual sends, receives and processes
The novel Buzzed is a book written by three authors that talk about the most popular drugs in today’s world and what they do to our bodies. These authors include Scott Swartzwelder who is a professor of Psychiatry at Duke University School of Medicine, Cynthia Kuhn, who is a professor of Pharmacology at Duke University School of Medicine, and Wilkie Wilson, who is a professor of Prevention Science at Duke University. Buzzed, based on the current psychological and pharmacological research provides a reliable look at not only the use but also the abuse of the popular legal and illegal drugs. The first part of this book includes chapters on each of a total of 12 kinds of drugs which include alcohol, caffeine, enactogens, hallucinogens, herb drugs,
CMN 556 Unit Three Journal Unit three was quite challenging and very rewarding. So many of the patients I encountered during this unit (actually unit two because I have not had any clinical so far in unit three) have had ongoing struggles with addiction, specifically to benzodiazepines. I made it one of my goals for this unit to learn more about the proper use of benzodiazepines, and to discuss with my preceptor the many options for alternative medications and the treatment of anxiety. Benzodiazepines are not prescribed as widely as they once were, not just because of the addictive nature of this medication class, but because there is new evidence-based research that shows that there is a high risk for developing early-onset dementia with prolonged use. In the past, patients with diagnoses such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Panic Disorder were given this medication in order to reduce anxiety symptoms.
In Marc Lewis’s novel Memoirs of an Addicted Brain (2012), his experience with marijuana was notably a rollercoaster ride. His first ordeal with the drug occurred when he was a teenager and decided to purchase marijuana from a friend. He began to use it at a period of stress induced by his friends, school and his parents. The first time he decided to take the drug, he dealt with coughing fits until he finally started to feel its effects. His description of his “high”, included the the drug placing him in a more imaginative, creative and happier state.
Psychologist William Richards has been carrying research into the potential for psychedelic drugs to be used therapeutically, and his findings have promising results when treating anxiety, PTSD, and addiction. His speciality is the psychology of mysticism and religion, and the application of therapy involves preparing patients for a high dose of psilocybin, guiding them as they have a “really transformative experience,” and then helping them integrate that into their lives. Richards and his colleagues have repeated their results so reliably that they can induce specific experiences with certain doses and stimuli, and they claim to have empirically proven Jung’s theory of the collective unconscious. Because psychedelics are classified as schedule I
This is a no brainer. The effects of a drug could apply to anyone; not just the mentally
(Earnshaw, et. al 117). In addition to affecting the lives of patients, addiction impacts the community’s functionality. Interestingly, frequent use of psychoactive medications by patients of all ages can lead to addiction, but administration of these medications is a valuable technique of treatment for ailments. Medications can provide relief from discomfort that a patient may experience, nevertheless while causing an alteration in
Humans have used drugs of one sort or another for thousands of years. Wine was used at least from the time of the early Egyptians; narcotics from 4000 B.C.; and medicinal use of marijuana has been dated to 2737 B.C. in China. But not until the 19th cent. A.D. were the active substances in drugs extracted. There followed a time when some of these newly discovered substances—morphine, laudanum, cocaine—were completely unregulated and prescribed freely by physicians for a wide variety of ailments.
In some cases drug use is a trigger for the symptoms of schizophrenia and can lead to exacerbation of these symptoms. Marijuana in particular is now known to significantly worsen symptoms and well as cause signs of psychosis to appear at a much younger age (Foti et al., 2010). Those with schizophrenia are more likely to develop addictive behaviours than those without the disorder and this may be a result of irregular dopamine levels. Dopamine is an important part of the reward system and increased levels are produced as a result of many addictive drugs. Therefore, it is no surprise how those with schizophrenia are much more likely to exhibit addictive behaviour due to the abnormal levels of dopamine that may be present in the brain resulting from the differing chemical structure of the schizophrenic
Additionally, psychedelic drugs were extremely popular for recreational activities during the 1960’s and 1970’s. In recent years, there has been a lot of research carried out to understand what kind of effects that psychedelic drugs have on humans. It has been proven that this group of drug can cause both physical and psychological effects on humans. This type of psychoactive drug can cause a person to see, hear, and feel things that seem real to them, but do not actually exist.
Literature review Symptom types of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is generally divided according to symptom types. The symptoms of schizophrenia have been divided into three specific complexes (i.e., positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive deficits; Buchanan, 2007), while others use a dichotomous model, such as type I and type II Schizophrenia (Crow, 1980) that roughly corresponds to positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (Andreasen, 1982). Positive symptoms were characterized over the past 150 years by active excesses in normal functioning; while negative symptoms of schizophrenia are characterized by a loss of normal functioning (Berrios, 1985; Rector, Beck & Stolar, 2005). Hence, while there are different symptom types, all typologies and dimensional models acknowledge negative symptoms. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are thought to be a marker of dysfunction and cognitive impairments (Rabinowtiz et al., 2012).
As most people know, drug can easily make people addicted. Conventional drugs such as opium, heroin, methamphetamine (ice), morphine, marijuana, cocaine can all classify as narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs. Drug has been a severe problem for decades. The U.S government attaches great importance to this issue. However, there are just an increasing number of people calling for legalizing drugs.
Such drugs that affect consciousness are: depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. In this essay, all three drugs will be discussed. Depressants