Problem based learning bartter syndrome
Name: Sarina
Surname: Mirzaei
Student No.: 17701411
Year 1 committee 2
Unknown words:
• Meconium: The first intestinal discharges of the newborn infant, greenish in color and consisting of epithelial cells, mucus, and bile. (1)
• Hyponatremia: Abnormally low concentrations of sodium ions in circulating blood. (1)
• Hypokalemia: The presence of an abnormally low concentration of potassium ions in the circulating blood; occurs in familial periodic paralysis and in potassium depletion due to excessive loss from the gastrointestinal tract or kidneys. The changes of hypokalemia may include vacuolation of renal tubular epithelial cytoplasm with impairment of urinary
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Which systems are affected and how?
Potassium and sodium are very important in creating the action potential of neuronal and cardiac cells, as well as in transferring material from the cell membrane. So effect these systems.
Barttar syndrome is a renal tubular disease characterized by metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and tubular pulp associated with loss of salt, and precipitated in infancy or early infancy. Lack of weight gain is one of the most important findings in neonatal bardia syndrome. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are one of the healing therapies for improvement in these patients, which may be associated with complications such as hypotension and renal dysfunction.
4. Compare the test result with normal values?
As I had Reconciling her height and weight to baby girl’s growth chart
For 3rd month girl her weight should be (4.6 - 7.4) kg so she has normal weight
About her height should be (55.8 - 63.8) cm so she has normal height too
Her pulse rate is a little high
Her respiratory rate is again normal (4)
5. What is the treatment or is there anyways of
It can also happen to due kidney diseases. They are three kinds of Metabolic alkalosis, 1) Hypocloermic alkalosis is caused by an extreme lack or loss of chloride, from prolonged vomiting. 2) Hypokelemic alkalosis, which is caused by the kidneys response to an extreme loss or lack of potassium. This can happen from taking diuretics.
A case is presented at the hospital of a 2-month-old child, diagnosed with down syndrome, and currently recovering from a case of bronchiolitis. The child, Elisa, is also diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot, and she will undergo surgery to correct this defect once she has had time to recover from her bronchiolitis. Elisa is the sixth child or Maria and Hector. She has three brothers and two sisters who range in age from 10 to 25 years old.
On December 10th, a 47-year-old man was arrested after driving onto Arkansas State University campus with propane tanks that were “ready to blow,” and “a shotgun strapped to his back.” Brad Kenneth Bartelt was reported to the police Wednesday after posting on Facebook that “he was homicidal and suicidal.” However, nothing was done until he drove onto the campus at 1:30 PM the next day but within thirty minutes, police officers surrounded and arrested him. John Miller, a student at ASU, was taking a test when Bartelt drove onto the campus. In a phone interview he said that he could see the “green pickup drive onto the lawn in front of the union.”
So, the result was presented as the emergence of paralysis in the affected areas. Initial blockage of sodium ion channel totally deactivated an entire process in the neuromuscular junction. In other words, sodium ions mainly influence to the action potential generated in muscle cells, so TTX may inhibit muscle activity
4.1. Vasovagal Causes. 4.2. Orthostatic hypotension. 4.3.
She received intravenous antibiotics and was released. Today a student nurse is precepting with me. . Assessment findings • Onset – Two weeks.
Evidence of this can be seen within Mr Jensen’s post-operative assessment data. He has tachycardia of 107 bpm, his blood pressure is currently 104/55mmHg which is low, and he has an increased respiratory rate of 24 breaths per
While waiting for BNP test result mrs.Smith is referred to medical team for further investigation when the medical registrar came to review mrs . Smith BNP result arrived and which was normal, 75 pg/mL. Medical registrar examined mrs.Smith and adviced to give a stat dose of iv Augmentin 1.2 gm because of the elevated CRP. Confirmed with mrs.Smith that she is not allergic with any medication. Doctor adviced to
But, if you leave your Addison’s disease untreated, you may have an addisonian crisis which is caused by stress, infection, and injury/illnesses. This crisis results in low blood pressure and sugar, and high potassium levels. But, this can
Angiotensin I will activate Angiotensin II to cause vasoconstriction and to stimulate kidneys to release aldosterone. Aldosterone will retain sodium and water resulting in increased blood volume, which will elevate the blood pressure. At the same time, hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary gland also to release anti-diuretic hormone, which will also retain water resulting in increased blood volume and elevated blood pressure (Craft et al, 2013, p. 3191). However, Mr. Jensen takes anti-hypertension medicine i.e. Captopril (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme [ACE] inhibitor) which will inhibit the RAAS function leading to decreased blood volume and blood pressure. Moreover, due to open fracture on Mr. Jensen’s right leg, there is a possibility of significant blood loss, which can lead to hypovolaemia.
The low amount of blood delivered to the kidneys causes inadequate renal perfusion. When this happens, renin is released to secrete aldosterone, a vasoconstrictor that promotes sodium and fluid retention. Aldosterone increases the preload to increase the systolic volume (Moreau, 2006). However, this is counterproductive in the long run because an increase in the preload will wear out the heart by working double time as well as increasing lung congestion. The heart failure causes multiple organ failure in chronic conditions such as altered digestion, decreased brain perfusion
On a biochemical level, Sanfilippo syndrome is characterized by the excess excretion of heparan sulfate in the urine and the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the central nervous system and other tissues. Sanfilippo syndrome is The most common disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism, a syndrome in which the onset of clinical abnormalities occurs between ages 2 and 6, with mild coarsening of the facial features (but normal clear corneas), mild stiffening of the joints, slowing of growth, and intellectual deterioration that results in severe mental
Hypovolemic shock occurs when the total volume of blood in the body falls well below normal. This can occur when there is excess fluid loss, as in dehydration due to severe vomiting or diarrhea, diseases which cause excess urination (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, and kidney failure), extensive burns, blockage in the intestine, inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), or severe bleeding of
In this lab when looking at cells, we observed the salinity and osmolarity of the cell when placed in the environment. With the different concentrations of NaCl, we are able to see how different environment can constrain an organism and see the wide range of responses to regulate in cell’s osmolarity. The cells we studied was sheep red blood cells (erythrocyte), because they are the most studied membrane system and therefore used as ideal membrane to study the relationship between water and the passing of the different concentration of NaCl across the membrane. The purpose of the experiment was to observe the cell and infer which direction of the flow of the water due to the cell volume change.
Moreover, if water proportion in the body goes low, that will cause