1.1 Biodiesel
Biodiesel is defined as the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids, derived from renewable vegetable oils or animal fats for use in ignition engines. Vegetable oils which is use in preparing biodiesel is soybean oil, sunflower oil, ground nut oil, canola oil, corn oil, and waste oil which is mixture of all previous kinds of oil after been utilized(Amit, 2009; Demirbas, 2009). Biodiesel possesses technical and environmental advantages, low toxicity, derivation from a renewable sources , superior flash point than petrodiesel and biodegradability, negligible, and lower overall exhaust emissions(Tyson, 2006; Moser, 2009; Isioma et al, 2013). Biodiesel’s characteristics strongly depend on various plant feed stocks, growing
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Empirical models proposed to predict these properties at different temperatures (Nita et al., 2011).
Rao and his group made a study to estimate the mathematical relationships between the kinematic viscosity, density, heating values and flash point among various biodiesel samples. (Rao et al., 2010)
Thiago and his group studied the kinematic viscosity and presented an experiment to determine the kinematic viscosity behavior with shear rate and temperature of edible oilssuch as canola, sunflower, corn, soybean. They compared the curves obtained for the kinematic viscosity versus temperature with the curves obtained by modeling the kinematic viscosity dependency on temperature. (Thiago et al., 2013).
Moradiand his group studied the effects of temperature and volume fraction of biodiesel and diesel on the density and kinematic viscosity of blends They used five biodiesels: sunflower, canola, and soybean waste cooking oil edible tallow. Density and kinematic viscosity of mixtures were measured at several temperatures. Results showed that by reducing temperature and increasing the volume fraction of biodiesel, density and kinematic viscosity are increased (Moradi et al.,
Catalyst Facilitation Scenario • A local group you work with has identified food deserts in the county. In one of these areas, a local faith organization is a community hub for many residents. A few members would like to set up a farm stand on Wednesday nights to improve access to fresh foods. They have contacted you for assistance in connecting with farmers and ideas for educating people in the area about the importance of healthy eating and how to prepare fresh foods.
Diesel mechanics The job I would want when I get older is to be a Diesel mechanic, I would want this job because I find the way engines and other machines work interesting. To become a Diesel mechanic you will need 3-5 years of experience and a high school diploma. The average yearly salary for a Diesel mechanic is about 42,000-54,400 these results will vary depending on work hours, business size, and location. The duties Diesel mechanics regularly perform on a daily basis are repairs on things like valve tuning so the engine runs smoothly and efficiently
I was born into a heavy construction working family. I started out in the playpen or stroller in the shop watching my dad working on trucks and equipment. If he left the house I would throw a big fit if I wasn't able to go with him, so I am told by my parents. As I grew older I would give him tools as he needed them. Finally when I was in my later elementary years I started changing oil in our vehicles, as well as greasing and simple maintenance.
Most gasoline has 10-15% alcohol produced from corn. As a result, some say, the price of food has risen, causing hardship, increased food prices, and other problems. What are the real facts? Gasoline has ethanol inside, ethanol comes from corn. Corn is the main source of ethanol, many people spend 50% or more of their income on food.
In the experiment 1 of intermolecular forces via evaporation, groups were challenged to gain a better understanding of the molecular forces in alkanes and alcohols while also exploring the impact of molar mass on intermolecular forces. Before starting, it must be understood that evaporation is an endothermic process. Substances with weak intermolecular forces will experience a greater temperature drop. Strong intermolecular forces will not experience a great temperature change. Because of the key statements listed, the group predicted that alcohols would experience little temperature change due to the strong intermolecular forces within them.
Works Cited & Proper APA Citation: https://extension.psu.edu/whats-so-different-about-biodiesel-fuel https://www.ehs.iastate.edu/services/fire/flammables-combustibles
For this lab I will be using water and sucrose to demonstrate the rate of osmosis. In this lab I will be exploring how temperature impacts the rate of osmosis by placing pieces of potato of equal size in solutions of different temperatures and observing the change in mass of potato after a given period of time. The change in mass will indicate the rate of osmosis.
The result: We 'll be extracting 2,000 to 2,700 gallons of fuel per acre (as opposed to about 400 gallons with today 's technology). With better fuels and more-efficient engines improving mileage by about 50 percent, we can safely predict a seven- to tenfold gain in miles driven per acre of land over the next 25 years. Given this biohol trajectory, a future of independence from gasoline becomes not only possible but probable. And the trajectory begins with garden-variety corn ethanol" (My Big Biofuels Bet).
The purpose of this experiment was to observe the relationship between different solutions and their effect on the mass and length of a gummy bear. Gummy bears with the same relative size and colour were placed in 50 mL beakers with the same amount of their designated liquid. The different solutions studied were water, oil, vinegar, a simple sugar solution, and rubbing alcohol. In the end, based on the observations made, the majority of the hypotheses created were not proven to be correct.
Did you know that 96% of England’s trucks, buses, fire department vehicles, and ambulances are power-driven by a diesel engine? They transport equipment, citizens, firefighters, and paramedics, which are essential to society. If they weren’t present, the daily lives of people would be complicated. The Diesel engine was developed by Rudolf Diesel, receiving the right to manufacture the engine in 1892.
Diesel is a lifestyle Italian brand with the main focus on jeans clothes that was founded in 1978 by Renzo Rosso (he is now the owner of the brand) and Adriano Goldschmied (who was the co-founder). Diesel Company is a part of OTB (Only the Brave) holding as well as STAFF International, Maison Martin Margiela, Viktor&Rolf, BRAVE KID and Marni. Among all the brands of the holding, Diesel remains the main and the most important brand. It generates the most revenues and has the widest range of customers. Moreover, apart from clothes, Diesel offers different range of activities such as music festivals, talent programs and special events.
There has always been those certain environmental people that say that diesel trucks are bad for the environment. What those people do not usually know is not surprising to anyone that knows a diesel engine. The only thing that they know to say is "that black stuff that comes out of the truck when they "roll coal" is bad for the environment. A diesel has many different ways that make it a better vehicle.
These gains were associated with reduced heat rejection, increased volumetric efficiency, and increased dilution (EGR) tolerance” (Fisher). Ethanol is a fuel that we become more and more widely used as the technology advances and people start to understand the need to switch to alternative fuels. “Beyond the power benefits that ethanol can provide there are two other big factors that make ethanol an attractive fuel for circle track applications. First, it 's renewable; and second, it 's clean-burning. In addition, since ethanol is less volatile than gasoline, there 's a reduced chance of explosion in spills and accidents”
Diesel engines outperform and produce less emission rates on Earth than gasoline engines. On the other hand, gasoline engines cost less to run daily. With the EPA making diesel emission standard more stricter, the emission rate for diesels have decreased. Also with different equipment being installed to diesels, the power has increased too. How much have the EPA standards lower the emission rates?
Bio-diesel production yields undesirable by-products for example methanol and glycerin. These by-products are removed so that the bio-diesel is suitable for use. Fractional distillation is used in the essential oil, flavor and fragrance industry. Raw essential oils are extracted from different plants such as mint, clove and tee tree for example. These raw oils contains impurities that have a bad flavour or odor.