In today’s world countless new products are emerging into markets, their advertisements are cluttering the media channels and the availability of variety of brands causes a consumer’s attention to become divided where they are often left confused as to which brand to opt for.
Marketers, in this situation, use celebrity endorsement as a tool to cut through all the media clutter and manage to grasp the attention of their target consumer, triumphantly.
A celebrity endorser has a profound impact on the consumers and celebrity endorsement has been undertaken by many scholars and researchers due to the importance it holds in the advertising world.
The celebrity endorsement market is known to be a multi-billion dollar industry, worldwide (Crutchfield,
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Companies make considerable investments for the sole purpose of matching their brands with the relevant celebrity endorser, perfectly. Furthermore, a huge decline in the productivity and effectiveness of other marketing communication tools (Blondé & Roozen, 2006) has led to the firms wanting to pay whatever ridiculous amounts of fee these celebrities demand for endorsing their product. Since there is an enormous impact of celebrity endorsement on the profitability and image of the firm (Endorgan, 2001), the continuous involvement of the senior management in the decision-making process can be seen regarding which famous personality to select to endorse their product.
Due to the considerable costs involved in hiring celebrities, it becomes essential for the marketing and advertising managers to not only form a proper link between the quality and characteristics of the endorser with the endorsed brand's equity (Dwivedi, Lester & McDonald, 2015) but to also identify any other variables, determinants or factors which play an influential role between the relationship of endorser credibility and brand equity. "Brand schematicity" has therefore been adopted in this study as the third variable, to assess its impact on the former two
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This has a consequential impact on the way consumers think and store incoming information in their memory nodes. In other words it causes them to organise information based on brand schema. Brand schematicity allows consumers to store incoming consumption information around the central brand node (Puligadda, Ross Jr. & Grewal, 2012). Hence, introducing brand schematicity in to the "endorser credibility" and "brand equity" equation leads to the research question of the study, mentioned below:
Does "brand schematicity" have an impact on the relationship between endorser credibility and brand equity?
As the study goes deeper, further literature on endorser credibility, brand equity and brand schematicity will be reviewed. Along with the relevant theories which support these variables.
A quantitative form of research will be carried out and questionnaires will be an integral part of the
For their marketing strategies, St. Jude uses celebrity stars connection as well as good marketing decisions and programs to attract the consumers and businesses. This type of marketing brings in hundreds of millions of dollars each year for the hospital. Some of their fundraising efforts were Trike-a-thon, Math-a-thon, Up 'Til Dawn and the Dream Home Giveaway (Zmuda, 2011). Their celebrity connections started when the founder, Danny Thomas, would get celebrities like Bob Hope and Sammy Davis Jr. to come and support the cause. Today his children Marlo, Tony and Terre continue to be involved and get celebrities like Jennifer Aniston, Robin Williams and Antonio Banderas to support (Zmuda, 2011).
Individuals have become extremely picky when it comes to the products they invest their money in these days. There are numerous choices for each product out there. How does the consumer decide which company they should purchase their products from? How does a company ensure they are the company that fulfills their customers wants and needs? There is not a blueprint or set of instructions for companies to follow in order to ensure their success in the business world.
Celebrity endorsement or opposition should be avoided, this type of advertising ploy is cliched and quite arguably has become redundant. Appealing
His coach, manager and he himself have worked collaboratively to make this up to this far. There are instances, when he envisaged his success and took it to the next level through meritocracy and proper branding strategy which resulted him being sponsored by so many top notch brands. There are few areas where branding, has played the pivotal role in the success factor. The few points that come up as analysis are: • Endorsing celebrities has the potential to either enhance or damage a company’s image. Celebrities are often in the spotlight, so their behaviors need to correlate with the mission and values of the firm.
Because a lot of people subconsciously want to be like celebrities, using celebrities in advertisements is so effective. If they have
Sue Jouzai in her passage, argues that not only should we boycott, but instale rules and regulations to companies that uses actor as a way to endorse products by first listing celebrities that use everyday products and saying something to make it look better. She continues by explaining how these company are trying to manipulate the audience to think that it is better. The author's purpose is to point out the how misleading the companies are in order to gain support on how the passing laws on celebrity endorsement. the tone created by the author is an objective feel to it. Celebrity endorsements should be monitored and have laws in place to protect the consumer.
Non-product attributes are functional benefits, experiential benefits, and symbolic benefits (Keller 1993). Excluding advertisement, word of mouth is such a powerful tactic the brand could perform to associate with consumers. With word of mouth, customers will develop brand awareness, brand knowledge, and brand image that lead to customer-based brand equity or CBBE (Keller 2003). Keller (2001) developed pyramid models of consumer-based brand equity building steps as shown in figure 2, and six brand building blocks as displayed in figure 3. Successful brand building is to create resonance that builds relationships between the brand and its customers, which generates brand loyalty, attitudinal attachment, and community engagement as the best
People such as celebrities, have a higher influence on people and their decision making on products, which is why many companies hire well-known celebrities to promote their products in the media. In an article written by Marketing Charts called, “How Influential are Celebrities?” they discuss the power of product placement and celebrity endorsements. The statistics for how much a celebrity influences its fans varies throughout the article, depending on what exactly they endorse. The article had some very interesting key points about celebrities also having a negative impact on product endorsement, mentioning that traditional brand promotion without celebrities had more of a positive influence.
Since 2006, American actor George Clooney has been the face of the Swiss company, Nespresso. In the first seven years of the partnership, Clooney reportedly made $40 million and was only required to appear in annual commercials that would only be broadcast in Nespresso’s target markets. While the business relationship between Clooney and Nespresso has been a strong one since 2006, Nespresso ads did not come to Clooney’s native U.S. market until 2015. It’s a technique that proves to continuously work in the consumer market and keeps everyone involved happy: the company gets the boost in sales, the celebrity gets an easy paycheck with minimum work required, and the public gets the product their favorite celebrity says they must
Subsequently, the celebrities that are symbols for these products become a product in themselves. In some cases, we buy products purely because a celebrity has worn it, endorsed it, or has been associated with it in another type of way. A consumer’s inclination towards materializing a lifestyle of a celebrity leads to the merging of the corporate and the self. This is extremely prevalent with the Kardashian family. The Kardashian family became celebrities through their reality television show Keeping Up with the Kardashians.
The marketing and advertising executives control the innovative aspects of these ads and endorsements to celebrities, so they can help form an image for Nike
Would you want you whole life stalked by people and paparazzi snapping pictures of you eating, sleeping, having personal time with friends or family, and somehow always finding out where you are and getting no private time to yourself? Most people prefer to don’t want to be stalked everyday, especially when your sleeping or eating with someone. Gossip tends to ruin or somewhat help people’s lives because it spreads certain things you didn’t want some people to know that have now found out due to gossip, which inevitably is worse then not being able to stand up to the person face to face and tell them yourself. This life of a celebrity can be extremely harmful, not only to the individual themselves, but the people around that individual. Another thing that tends to be ruined or lost by celebrity culture is
Finding affirmed by Kahle and Homer (1985) indicated that a more attractive celebrity endorser is more effective than a less attractive celebrity spokesperson, only when the endorsed product is attractiveness-related such as perfumes, fashion apparels or cosmetics. Kamins (1990) also indicated that for the attractiveness-related products, for instances cosmetic goods and apparels, an attractive celebrity endorser with higher likeability and familiarity significantly enhances the attitudes towards the advertisement and the advertised brand. In the contexts of product placement, optimal match between the celebrity and the placed product is also critical in the practice of celebrity-involved PPL. The congruence between celebrity involved in PPL and placed brand or products can be a viewed as a powerful endorsement, whether the placed products are verbal mentioned or used, worn, or handled by celebrity, because the personal qualities and source characteristics of celebrity are transferred to the placed brand or products (Friedman & Friedman, 1979; McCracken, 1989).
It has also been seen that one quarter of all advertisement use/feature a celebrity to endorse a product or brand. This validates the effectiveness of celebrity endorsements as a means of persuasive communication. It has the potential to enhance audience attentiveness, make the ad more memorable, credible, and desirable and add glamour to the endorsed product (Spielman, 1981). Early researchers have found that celebrities are more effective than other types of endorsers, such as ‘the professional expert’, ‘the company manager’, or ‘the typical consumer’ (Friedman and Friedman, 1979). Using celebrity endorsers, companies may easily crack into consumer’s symbolic association to an aspirational reference groups, as celebrity endorsers are perceived as dynamic, attractive and likable (Assael, 1984;
Celebrity endorsement is used by companies to enjoy media exposure. Brand equity will be improved due to celebrity endorsement (Farrell, Karels, Monfort and McClatchey, 2000; Erdogan et al., 2001). Celebrity endorsement will give companies a competitive advantage over similar brands. However, celebrity endorsement will not be effective if they endorse more than one brand (Solomon,