In reading the Iliad, there is a confusion about the gods and if they are omnipotent or not. The evidence in the text of the poem itself points in the direction that the gods are limited in more then one aspect. At the end of this chapter a question is posed about Zeus not disinviting Eris from the wedding of Peleus and Thetis (Harris and Platzner 321). The answer to this question is related directly to whether the gods are all powerful or not. This confusion needs to be unpacked and we need to answer a question to get a clear picture of the limitations of the gods. We, therefore, need to ask if the gods are really all powerful? There seems to be a confusion with the word omnipotent, it looks as if a hierarchy is placed on the term omnipotence, but there is a problem with attributing a hierarchical structure to the omnipotent …show more content…
The first thing that needs to be investigated is the limitation of the metaphysical powers that the gods really have. Regardless of all these powers, there are somethings that are beyond the control of the gods. The text gives an example of this by pointing out the fact that “Zeus…is unable to force the Olympians to comply with his wishes” because he is either “unwilling or unable to do so” (Harris and Platzner 243). This leads us to a second comment in the text, that the gods have absolutely no control over the behavior of men (Harris and Platzner 243). In investigating the first point we can ask why Zeus is unwilling to force his will on the other gods? Is it because Zeus, for example, has a higher authority that has more power that he needs to comply with or is he just easy to manipulate? Fate and manipulation are seen scattered throughout the epic of the Iliad and I will highlight a few instances were gods are victims of these two limitations. One instance is within the chase scene between
Another structure of authority that show in these works are the messengers who do what their Gods want them to do. Although the Athenians’ and Jews’ lives contrast sharply, the ways they devote themselves to their Gods are similar. First of all, the Greek gods are nothing like the Hebrew
“Father Zeus, doesn’t it infuriate you to see this violence? We gods get the worst of it from each other whenever we try to help out men. Why did you have to give birth to that madwoman, your marauding daughter who is always breaking the rules? All the rest of us gods, everyone on Olympus, listens to you. But she can say or do whatever she wants.”
In the beginning of The Odyssey, Zeus argues against this, stating My word, how mortals take the gods to task! All their afflictions come from us, we hear. And what of their own failings?
From the human point of view, gods possess an absolute knowledge, i.e. they know “all things” without exception. Gods, however, can be deceived, which means that they cannot know all things, even though the amount of their knowledge greatly surpasses the one of human beings. Prometheus can steal the secret of fire from Zeus, Ares can deceive Hephaesthus, starting an affair with his wife Aphrodite, while Odysseus – a mortal man – can successfully outwit the goddess Circe (though with some help from Hermes). This kind of vulnerability, along with the influence of emotions (e.g. wrath, grief or love) on their actions, makes Homeric and Hesiodic gods very
Zeus is the deliver of fate throughout the play. When Hyllus declares everything that has happened is Zeus’s doing, he is silicifying the theme that Zeus acts as fate in the eyes of the characters (Women of Trachis 1278). Throughout the play, the characters turn to Zeus to explain why everything is happening. Greeks seem to be comforted by the idea the gods are controlling their lives because it takes blame off of humans for tragic
But, this omen that Zeus sends is a false one, as he sends a message to Troy about the Achaians’ plan, so that the Trojans can defeat them. Instead of fighting the two sides duel, but the duel ends inconclusive. In book eight, Zeus forbids the gods from participating in the war. This ban on intervention allows Zeus to direct the war against the Greeks as he promised the Achilleus.
They are allowed to interfere with humans in certain ways to certain extents, they have rules, and by punishing/rewarding humans, they create an order of morals/hierarchy so they serve a purpose as well. This presentation of the gods reveals that the Greeks see them as powerful, smarter, and "magically" significant beings. I think that the story shows that they see the Gods to be like us, but with power and authority.
Instead of being perfect omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent gods, they have limited power and influence, and are often driven by humanistic emotions and desires. While the gods do show concern over some mortals, they don’t make decisions solely concerning the wellbeing or interests of the humans, but instead, like the humans themselves, usually act with their own interests at heart. Athena and Poseidon both acts in accordance to their desires and emotions, and have a biased view on particular humans. Unlike the perfect deities we have in mind when we think of the divine, Greek gods are just immortal beings who are just as fallible and imperfect as the humans they preside
Apollo also points out that Orestes has done well by obeying his own orders, and questions, “How can it not be just to aid the faithful man especially in his time of greatest trouble?” (Aeschylus, The Furies, 725). The gods, however, are moral-less beings. They do not consider the ethical implications of actions, no matter if their intent is
In the epic poem The Odyssey, Homer portrays Greek gods and goddesses as possessing human qualities and faults. Through their actions and emotions, Homer emphasizes the detrimental effects of lust, envy, wrath, and greed in ancient Grecian society. He also never fails to remind readers of the importance of respect for holy figures because of their powerful abilities to create chaos and wonder". Homer wants to prove that gods and humans share a variety of traits, and the only difference is that god don’t allow these flaws negatively to impact their society. To help further his argument, we can compare Greek gods and goddesses to that of Christianity.
The Resemblance of Gods and Humans Throughout all religions, gods have always been seen as superior in every way possible. The division between humans and gods has always been prevalent and prominent. However, when the actions and motives of these gods are truly analyzed, it will become evident that the gods of Greek Mythology merely behave as humans with supernatural powers.
Divine intervention, or the role of the gods, plays a predominant role in the development of the eventual fate of the main characters; Odysseus, his son, Telemachus and his wife, Penelope. Homer is able to effectively incorporate the employment of divine forces as facilitators in destiny, as well as efficiently engage the readers through his vivid description of the various predicaments faced by Odysseus. Divine intervention is a phenomenon widely used in mythological epics. The gods play protagonistic and antagonistic roles; they essentially toy with the character until his fate is evident. Homer utilizes this right from the very beginning; we see Athena coming to the aid of Odysseus when Zeus refuses to have sympathy for him due to the fact that most heroes blame the Gods for their doom;
2.1 The Greco-Roman Concept of Gods In both Riordan’s Percy Jackson and the Olympians and Ovid’s Metamorphoses the notion of the ‘gods’ or the ‘supreme beings’ is explained through the metaphor of a ‘living force’ or a ‘fire’, as can be seen from the following extract. “‘[…] it is a living force. A collective consciousness that has burned bright for thousands of years. The gods are a part of it […]
Sacrificing something you love for lent, or fasting during Ramadan can be quite difficult, but it shows your loyalty and love towards your religion. However, imagine sacrificing many things or even killing an animal for your “Gods.” Even though Christianity and Islam are both monotheistic religions, and sacrificing or killing an animal would not be pleasant, it was a ritual in Ancient Greece. In the Ancient Greek world, religion was present in all areas, and it played an important role in their everyday lives. Ancient Greeks worshipped many Gods that had superhuman strengths or ageless beauty but appeared in the human form.
Humans are like puppets; they have the freedom of choice however their decisions are constantly interfered by the gods. The god’s are given respect due to their extreme power, as mortals know, if offended a god, one would most likely have to face severe consequences. Nonetheless, the gods are not all powerful, as they have emotions that drive them hence weakens them. In Ancient Greek society, having the gods in your favor played a critical role in peoples daily lives, as the gods would extremely influence decision, have significant power over one’s fate, and have direct involvement in the lives of humans. “Father Zeus, is there any mortal left on the wide earth who will still declare to the immortals his mind and his purpose?