The SEM images of the ramie fiber with nano-hybrid coating are shown in Fig. 7. The images of ramie fiber treated with SDS/nano-silica (1wt%), APS/nano-silica (1wt%), and GPS/nano-silica (1wt%) indicated the appearance of nano-silica on the fiber surface as compared to the untreated fiber. The nano-silica grafted fiber surface showed an uneven surface in the SEM image with high magnification. It is clearly observed that the nano-silica particles increased the fiber surface roughness and uniformly deposited on the fiber surface.
The shear strength of the fiber/matrix interface was determined by means of single fiber push-out tests. Three kinds of fibers were tested, namely as-received CF, desized CF (CF without polymer sizing) and CNT-CF. Fibers were put into a small cylinder mold; resin was introduced and cured. Thin slices transversal to the fibers were cut from the composite rod and thinned down to the desirable thickness (15-40 µm) by polishing. The push-out test was performed using an indenter with the diameter of 5 µm on selected fibers.
Result and Discussion Chemical analysis of coconut coir fibre The chemical composition and moisture content of the coir fibre were demonstrated by different processing stages according to the ASTM standards. The content of the raw coconut coir fibre was present in cellulose (~40 %), Lignin (~45 %) and other components of wax and pectin7. From the alkali hydrolysis, the lignin content was completely dissolved out and increasing the content of the cellulose. The fine cellulose structure is mainly composed to crystalline and amorphous regions. The amorphous region of lignin and hemicellulose is the gradually decrease from coir fibre28.
3.4. Swelling behavior The swelling behavior of the DCMC crosslinked gelatin-PEG composite hydrogel fibers is studied and presented in Fig. 3. It shows that the equilibrium swelling ratio of the hydrogel fibers is very high, which is found to be between 89 and 93%. The result indicates that the hydrogel fibers are effective biomaterials for using as wound dressings since they can absorb wound exudates and provide moist environment for wound leading to acceleration of wound healing.
On the other hand, carbon fibers (CFs) have been widely used as reinforcements and even EM interference suppressors, because they have low density, exquisite mechanical and excellent EM shielding properties [13-15]. Based on these backgrounds, magnetite coatings on carbon fibers is a potential way to further enhance the EM shielding properties of carbon fibers. Magnetite have been successfully coated on many different substrates by a variety of deposition techniques such as sputtering [16] hydrothermal [17], molecular beam epitaxy [18] chemical bath technique [19], etc. Although these methods offer good control over film thickness, morphology, crystallinity and purity, they require costly equipment and consume considerable amounts of energy. The aqueous solution-based ED method can be performed at a relatively low temperature and low cost.
According to von Post classification system, the type of the peat used is classified under H7 which is pseudo-fibrous peat or hemic peat. This present study focusing on study to determine the strength development before and after fiber inclusion on the peat for stabilized purposes. The mechanical test such as compaction test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and California bearing ratio (CBR) test were conducted on the peat with or without inclusion of fiber ( 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%) and 5% cement insertion. Based on compaction test results, the highest maximum dry density is 0.617 Mg/m3 for peat with fiber inclusion 0.5% with the optimum moisture content is 69.19%. The sample cured for 7 days and 28 days before the UCS test were conducted.
This makes steel frame construction far stronger and more durable than traditional wood framed alternatives. 7) Improved Construction Quality A steel frame building does not age and worsen like wooden structures manage over time, so as a homeowner you don’t have to concern about any feeble spots. Steel is corrosion resistant, it is dimensionally steady and it furthermore continues directly, no anxieties about distorting with climate changes. 8) Interior Partition Walls Steel studs are a good choice for interior partition walls, where the conductivity of steel doesn't matter. In other words: steel framing (for interior walls) can combine with wood-frame or other building system.
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction A fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is a composite material consisting of a polymer matrix imbedded with high-strength fibers, such as glass, aramid and carbon. Generally, polymer can be classified into two classes, thermoplastics and thermosetting. Thermoplastic materials currently dominate, as matrices for biofibers; the most commonly used thermoplastics for this purpose are polypropylene (PP), polyethylene, and poly vinyl chloride (PVC); while phenolic, epoxy and polyester resins are the most commonly used thermosetting matrices. In the recent decades, fiber reinforced plastics are being more attractive in many engineering applications due to their higher mechanical properties compared to their low weight. The
TWO M.SC. THESES PREPARED BY PREVIUOUS BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING STUDENTS: Ⅰ) Author’s Name: Arshad Ali Year of defence: 2013 Theses Title: Surface modification of hemp fibre to improve spinning properties. Supervisor name: Dr. Ying Chen & Dr. Mashiur Rahman Number of pages: 101 Number of references: 64 Number of chapters: 05 Number of tables: 22 Number of figures: 40 Description: Hemp fiber contain non-cellulosic materials in the fiber structure and it can’t be spun through the cotton spinning system. Author has investigated to identify the spinning properties of hemp fibers including strength, length and length variation, single fiber entity, fineness, bending modulus, and softness by removing non-cellulosic materials through different chemical and enzyme treatments. The softness of treated samples, with the highest weight loss (%), was found to be improved by about 2.6 times more than the virgin hemp fiber.
The addition of coconut fiber decreases again the strength of concrete with coconut shell, 46% to 55% of the compressive strength and 60% to 71% of the tensile strength of conventional concrete were only attained. The decrease in the mechanical properties of the concrete was opposed to the expected increase in strength when fiber was included. The decreased may be due to the fixed percentage of 3% that is greater than the optimum percentage of additional fiber of 0.5% to 2.0% that was discussed earlier in the previous