There were several labor disturbances during the Gilded Age. A few of the most popular disturbances were the construction of new railroads, advancement in science and technology, and rise of big businesses. There were four important events that happened during the Gilded Age that was considered labor disturbances; 1877 Railroad Strike, the Haymarket Riots, the Homestead Act, and the Pullman Strike. By 1916, 254,000 miles later the Railroad’s were complete. One out of every twenty-five American worked to complete the railroads. In 1877 the United States had their first crucial rail strike as well as their first strike in the nation’s history. The Pennsylvania Railroad lost more than four million dollars due to angry crowds from Philadelphia. The crowds set fire to parts of the city, buildings, engines, passenger cars, and freight cars. The strikes and violence led to ten states mobilizing 60,000 milita members to reopen the railroads. (digital history) After a bomb was thrown at the police, the labor protest rally turned into a riot near Chicago’s Haymarket Square on May 4, 1886. After this riot, several workers were wounded and at least eight dead. In the 1800s, strikes were common in the United States by industrial workers. The working conditions were dangerous, miserable and wages were extremely low. Many …show more content…
In Homestead, Pennsylvania the strike won the steelworker’s a three-year contract in 1889. 750 out of the 3,800 workers at the Homestead plant belonged to the union. In 1892, Andrew Carnegie broke the union. The union workers refused to accept the new plan, so the plant manager locked the workers out of the plant. (history.com) In the spring of 1892, Andrew Carnegie gave Frick, the plants manager, the okay to shut down the plant until the workers buckled. (pbs.org) The Homestead Strike ended July 6,
Andrew Carnegie Flame spewing from the mighty Bessemer converters at Pittsburgh as molten iron was changed into steel. That steel would carry on to create our railroads that went out into the great wild west and built our skyscrapers in our cities high in the sky. Such as the iconic Flatiron building. This Steel came from great huge egg shaped furnaces that glowed red hot from all the molten steel that they contained in there vastness. These Furnaces were called Bessemer’s.
The three major strikes that took place in the 1890’s included the Homestead lockout of 1892, the Cripple Creek Miners' Strike of 1894, and the Pullman Strike 1894. All of these were started because of labor conditions and the people affected by the bad conditions. The Homestead lockout of 1892 was caused by steel workers in Pennsylvania who were going against Andrew Carnegie. However Carnegie did not like to be directly involved so he left his business in the hands of Henry Clay Frick. On June 28th Frick locked the workers out of the mills.
What happened during the strike and what did it reveal of American society at the time?
This was also the end of the strike, as the government defeated the
In result to it ending, African Americans strikes soon ceased to exist. Many of them were still not given pay close to those of other workers, but they did get pay raises. There was more than one hundred people were killed throughout the strike, many gained a sense of peace at the end, which over all is a great result to everyone and their
*Pullman Strike * The Pullman Strike was widespread by the United States railroad workers, approximately a quarter-million worker were on strike at the peak and it impacted the expedition the railroad system across the states. The strike between the American Railway Union and George Pullman changed the course of future strikes when President Grover Cleveland ordered federal troops to break up the strikers; its influenced how the federal government and the court system would handle labor issues. The labor issues during the Pullman Strike were not limited that of rights of the workers, the role of management in the workers private life, and the roles of government resolving labor conflicts. Pullman planned communities for his workers how he determined
The strike reached 35,000 people participating in the strike. The strike spread across the west coast from the top to the
The strike held on May 1, 1886 in the United States, brought together workers in cities such as New York and Chicago. These cities were the workers center of the United States. Because of this strike, President Andrew Johnson would enact Ingersoll 's law, which established an eight-hour workday for all workers in that country. Four days after the first strike in 1886, the Haymarket Revolt took place in Chicago, United States. More than two thousand workers participated in this protest and it ended in tragedy when an explosive device exploded.
The organized labor of 1875-1900 was unsuccessful in proving the position of workers because of the future strikes, and the intrinsical feeling of preponderation of employers over employees and the lack of regime support. In 1877, railroad work across the country took part in a cyclopean strike that resulted in mass violence and very few reforms. An editorial, from the Incipient York Time verbalized: "the strike is ostensibly hopeless, and must be regarded as nothing more than a rash and splenetic demonstration of resentment by men too incognizant or too temerarious to understand their own interest" (Document B). In 1892, workers at the Homestead steel plant near Pittsburg ambulated out on strike and mass chaos the lives of at least two Pinkerton detectives and one civilian, among many other laborers death (Document G).
The Knights of Labor, founded by Terence Powderly and Uriah Stephens in 1869, helped create a union contract with Carnegie’s Braddock Mill. While the Knights of Labor were trying to have broad social reform around the country, they created a lockout in the Braddock Mill. Workers like Kratcha did not care as much about the union’s goals, instead they wanted the mills to be open so that they could earn money (25). Large business owners, like Carnegie, tried, and usually succeed, at breaking strikes and unions in their mills. In Homestead and Braddock, Kratcha experienced the effects of strikes, and they were not positive.
Imagine working sixteen hours a day in an unsanitary, dangerous, place for a big business gaining two dollars. This is what laboring-class Americans had to go through during the Gilded age. Politically, the first largest American labor union was formed during the Gilded age and many other organizations formed as well as violent strikes. Socially, different ethnics joined together to share their thoughts and realize the evils of big business and of the federal government. Mentally, most we 're losing their personal life while some were financially stable and glad.
President Reagan warned the strikers to return to work, when they refused, he fired over 11,000 workers. These essential employees were adequately and permanently replaced. This ended the strike, and set a precedence, in the employment sector, that striking workers can be permanently replaced (Michael R. Carrell & Christina Heavrin, 2013, p. 104). Organized labor received a sharp blow from the debacle – union fees decreased, with the dismissal, membership declined and PATCO no longer exists.
In the beginning of the 1890s, the United States went through a crisis time period, one reason being what some say was the first Great Depression. This Depression era was one of the most crucial economic disasters the United States had ever seen. It resulted in loss of jobs and uprising of armys. One of the well-known uprisings was Coxey’s Army. This army was started by a man named Jacob S. Coxey.
Strikes were executed more by the industrial workers, but the farmers did have a few. Strikes were common during the Gilded Age because as industrialization increased, working conditions and labor requirements got worse. The industrial workers were having to work ten to twelve hours, five days a week at the least and not even being paid enough to compensate for their work. Barely scraping by with the amount of work the workers do for their company angered them, and prompted strikes. Some well-known strikes are the Pullman Strike and the Homestead Strike.
Conditions were hazardous and grueling. They worked long hours for little pay. Most of them could not read or write and they could not attend school because they needed to work. They suffered from malnutrition and exhaustion. They were innocent children that were locked up in factories, like they had committed a crime.