Lawrence Kohlberg moral reasoning is similar to Piaget, but a little more advanced and broken down into six stages. Piaget and Kohlberg established that children understood morality dealt with rules and consequences. Even though there are some similarities’ between the two men moral development, there is a difference too. Piaget based his moral development theories on children ranging from infancy to adolescents. Kohlberg on the other hand did not specify an age range for his moral development.
Kohlberg proposed that moral reasoning advanced through six stages of moral development, stages 1 to 4 occurred through a “natural evolution of cognitive skills,” while stages 5 and 6 require a teacher (Williams & Arrigo, [2012], p. 123). Moreover, Kohlberg proposed that there were three levels of moral development, each categorized by two stages. Preconventional Morality (Lv. I) is categorized by self-interest, first existent ages 1 through 10. Kohlberg’s stage 1: punishment obedience orientation, is categorized by a perception influenced by punishment and reward.
Another downfall to Kohlberg’s theory is that it does not account for external factors such as reinforcement from guardians and superiors. However, this has depicted much early gender role behaviour. Kohlberg’s theory is thought to exaggerate the importance of cognitive factors in gender identification. In contrast, gender identity does seem to develop through the three stages suggested by Kohlberg, as Munroe et al. (1984) found across cultures as mentioned above.
Vygotsky’s cognitive theory emphasizes “individual development could not be understood without reference to the social and cultural context within which the individual was embedded” (Triplett, 2016). Throughout the events recalled, it is evident that Victoria’s world is shaped by experience and influence. In general it is nearly impossible to fully understand a person, nonetheless one going through adolescence, without knowing where they are coming from socially, culturally, and developmentally. For those who work with or intend to work with adolescents it is imperative that you form a relationship first, one in which you take the time to show care and interest in what’s important to them so that they can reciprocate by wanting you to accept
Kohlberg’s Postconventional Morality Theory This theory reference to being able to develop moral principles that transcend one’s own society, such as, individual ethics, societal rights, and universal principles of right and wrong (Hutchison, 2015, pg.235). Carmen life portrayed this theory when she starting looking for options for her baby. She knew she didn’t want to abort, so she went looking for all the options she had before making a decision that was going to impact her life and especially the child’s life when they grow up. Person and The Environment Biopsychological
Theoretical Background This study is anchored on Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory. This theory proposed that moral reasoning of human beings is associated with the stages of development in solving moral issues that an individual encounters (Bjorklund & Blasi, 2010). Kohlberg’s moral development sees moral reasoning as progressing through three levels to support his claims. First, pre-conventional moral reasoning, it is characterized by apparent and physical events. The presentation of moral issues at this stage is concentrated with the rewards and punishments after the occurrence of their action.
In this essay I will explore two articles that explain the moral theory. The first article is called “ Selections from Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals” by Immanuel Kant. The second article that I will be comparing to Immanuel Kant’s is called “A Simplified Account of Kant’s Ethics” by Onora O’Niell. I will also be giving a brief summary and comparing each article. By the end of this essay I would like to prove that O’Neill’s account of Kant’s moral theory is a much easier and appropriate way of looking at things.
This is the standard central foundation of this theory. The mentioned normative theory of ethics is as coined by Jeremy Bentham, in his founding of utilitarianism. However, George Mill who can be said to be a versed advocate for utilitarianism, defends the theory from common criticisms such as “What utilitarianism
Later on, during the 70’s, Dr Morris Massey developed the Values Theory, in which he defends that values are the defining variables for different generations. Therefore, people share a value system, which justifies our belief sets and behaviours, not overlooking other factors such as gender, age, race and geographical
As per Gilligan’s theory and Kohlberg’s theory, moral autonomy should be consistent with context-oriented and also with an awareness of general moral principles and rights. 2.9.1 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN KOHLBERG AND GILLIGAN THEORIES Basis KOHLBERG GILLIGAN 1 Purpose This theory cater ethical issues regarding rules and rights In this theory Ethical issues are raised regarding care 2 Suitability Studies based on well educated, white male are only, tending male bias. Studies included females and colored peoples 3 Application Application of abstract rules ranked in the order of importance Application of context-oriented reasoning. 4 Conclusion Studies were hypothesized for both the genders even though the study was conducted mostly on males Study was conducted on both genders and it was found, men based their reasoning on ‘justice’ and women based theirs on ‘care’ 2.10 CONSENSUS AND