Essay On Freedom Of Media

The main objectives in chapter 9 include the ways media attempt to influence people’s attitudes, beliefs, and/or behavior, ways media technology can be disruptive and have adverse effects on behavior, the positive and negative influences of certain kinds of media, such as advertisements or reality television programs, on self-image. Even though media is a great outlet, media has changed our generation causing effects on self-image and human interactions. Because of its pervasiveness in American culture, the media affects people in both obvious and subtle ways.

A media source which ignores or censors important issues and events severely damages freedom of information. Many modern tabloids, twenty four hour news channels and other mainstream media sources have increasingly been criticized for not conforming to general standards of journalistic integrity. In nations described as authoritarian by most international think-tanks and NGOs media ownership is generally something very close to the complete state control over information in direct or indirect ways.

First and foremost, they hold the role of reporting on the news accurately and fairly. This means that their information not only has to be accurate, but also be fair to what or whom they are discussing. They cannot defame an individual’s character in order to promote their story. Additionally, the media holds the responsibility of not being too biased in what they are reporting. They cannot strictly cover one aspect of the story without shedding light on another. Additionally, the media has the ethical role of protecting anonymous sources, and legitimizing their sources. If their sources need to protect their identity, then the media must make sure that they do not compromise their privacy. Additionally, they need to do investigate their information and sources by making sure that the information is accurate and the source is credible. Lastly, the media can never plagiarize information, and if they get their information from other outlets, they must give credit to these

The Uses and Gratification theory by Elihu Katz came into existence when the theorist concocted the idea that individuals utilize the media to their advantage. The point of view rose in the mid 1970 's as Katz and his two associates, Jay Blumler and Michael Gurevitch kept on extending the thought. The theory was contemporary since it repudiated more seasoned perspectives that expected the gathering of people was an inactive gathering. The Uses and Gratifications Approach sees the gathering of people as dynamic, implying that they effectively search out particular media and substance to accomplish certain outcomes or delights that fulfill their own needs.

Censorship is a control over unacceptable sources found in all forms of media: such as, newspapers, television, and the Internet. Censorship in the media is to examine all the information found in the media, and deleting or censoring anything that is considered objectionable to the state. Each country controls their own media depending on their religious beliefs, culture and moral ideas. There are many reasons to why censorship of the media is a disadvantage. Governments love to control their nations, and a way of controlling their ideas is by censoring information, which citizens have every human right to access. Censorship is unnecessary because in some cases, it blinds people from the truth. It also leads to misunderstandings that tend to cause disputes.

But the positive interaction of government-press-society does not mean that each party must lose the function of its functional idealism. For if each existence is not approached with independent and interdependent responsibilities and obligations, it can be ascertained that each party will not be able to assume its rights and responsibilities. It means that the government should be given authority, as an authorized and responsible body to regulate the interests and spheres of its citizens. The press must remain authorized to carry out its distinctive social control functions.

In this advance era, mass media plays a significant role towards all of us and we can truly admit that mass media is one of the basic essenssial that used by everyone in their daily life. Generally, mass media is a print and electronic means of communication that spreads messages to the audiences and carries out information to the people in the society. Mass media can be divided into two categories, which is the print media include like newspaper, magazines, and books. Another mass media is the electronic media include like radio, television, and internet which is used by most of the people nowadays. Media is one of the most influential aspects of our lives. This is because the content of mass media is very powerful and it has become a agent of socialization which can shape people’s behavior or even influence the ways of how people think.

Therefore, the media message should be censored and controlled by some organizations in the country. For instance, there is an agency for media content censorship which is Lembaga Penapisan Filem Malaysia or National Film Censorship Board. Every movie must be censored and get permission from the agency before it release on the cinemas. As a result, Malaysia government can make sure that those movies release in Malaysia will not give bad impact to the audience. In addition, as a smart audience, we must be careful in selection of information. We should analyze and interpret the message what it means so that we will not be so easily controlled by the

Media are platforms of mass communication that can be categorized as either new of traditional media, with new media being forms of communication that make use of technologies such as the Internet, and traditional media being more conventional forms of media such as newspapers. Media, primarily new media, is getting more popular and influential, especially in today’s day and age since we are exposed to it a lot more than in the past and also since media is more easily accessible now. The media can shape our behaviours, perceptions and opinions, and it is important to know how people are influenced and impacted by it. The media can influence someone’s perception of social reality, or perceptions of beauty or even influence people’s behaviours and habits and therefore, the media does shape who we are.

Freedom of speech and expression is a standout amongst the most essential human rights and it plays a role in a democratic society. It is the right to express your thoughts and opinions through writing, speech or any other way of communication without restriction or limitation but at the same time without causing any type or harm to anyone. Freedom of speech is also known as freedom of press. In Article 19 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), it is stated that “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” Therefore, it is guaranteed that everyone has the right to freedom of expression.

This review study shed light on the debate over positive and negative aspects of media. In this study positive side of media is highlighted as well as negative effects. Previously researchers have found that all types of electronic media whether its TV or computer or internet or social media have negative impact on children but now researchers are focusing on educational aspect of media and how educational programs can help in developing cognitive thinking among children. Finally to increase learning among children researchers suggests that co-viewing of Parent and children should be promoted in families in Pakistan.

Digital Media is any media that is enclosed in a machine and is a readable format. Anybody can create digital media, it can be viewed, shared changed and preserved by anyone on computers. Examples of digital media include; mobile phones, compact discs, digital video, digital television, e-book, internet, minidisc, video games, the World Wide Web, e-Commerce and many interactive media.

Malaysian has the right to freedom of speech which is guaranteed by Article 10 of the Constitution of Malaysia. The Article 10 allows all citizens the absolute freedom as not restricted by the government. In Malaysia, Law such as Publications act and printing presses give the Malaysian authorities the control over all the media. Any act that against this law may lead to fines or in much extreme cases, prison sentence. Although Malaysia has the right to freedom of speech, the media are still being controlled by the government which restrict them to publish anything against the government.

Media plays a crucial role in shaping a healthy democracy. It is the backbone of a democracy; it makes us vigilant of numerous social, political and economic activities happening around the world. Media has very important roles to play in democracy such as; projecting the problems of the people to the public, and protecting the fundamental rights given in a Constitution. Philip C. Galanis states in his essay The Fourth Estate of The Bahamas “For many decades, there has been historically a tug-o-war between the media and politicians in the Bahamas”. In his essay he explains the importance of the media and its effect on the general public. The media is supposed to be just like a warrior fighting with a pen or like a mirror which shows us or strives to show us the bare truth and astringent realities of life. However, in recent years the media has, like other agencies, come under the influence of politicians. Therefore, the media no more writes about the people’s grievance but in support of the ruling government party. It has been contaminated by political influences. Today, the media has many vital roles in a modern democracy such as; political lies, reviling the truth to the public as well as helping to aid with the hypocrisy of the nation.

Media and information literacy has a big purpose in every learner. It is very important to have knowledge into it and advance education about it. But the come out of this point, majority of the learners are lack of knowledge on MIL and it manifest of-the-line the level of knowledge in media and information literacy.