A study of human behaviour in children and adolescents: To what extent is our behaviour shaped by the approval or disapproval of parents, teachers and other role models?
As small children, we need adults to care for us and provide us with food, warmth, and shelter. The caregivers, usually our parents, are important to our psychological development; we make emotional bonds with them from an early age, which gives us the security we need in order to explore and learn about the world . Similarly, as we grow up, we learn how to behave in everyday life, but to what extent is our behaviour shaped by the approval or disapproval of parents, teachers and other role models?
Some people consider that children are born as “blank slates”, since they are
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For example, Edward Thorndike, who is famous in psychology for his work on learning theory that lead to the development of operant conditioning within behaviourism, focused on his contributions to the development of testing by devising a series of events using animals, such as cats and rats, so as to eventually conclude, that animals, including humans, learn by making links between actions and results. Thorndike emphasized that success or reward reinforces these links, which can be further strengthened by repetition of action i.e. the Law of Effect ; this is relevant to the question at hand, for this evidence supports the fact that a child’s behaviour- his or her actions- are learned by the results, or approval and disapproval in this case.
For this reason, many psychologists have been led to believe that whilst growing up, children and teenagers develop a “moral compass” at the hand of their caretakers, which largely contributes to the way in which we behave in run-of-the-mill situations, subsequently impacting our decision making. We are not born knowing what is right from wrong, just as we are born with no knowledge, so surely- using the idea of stimuli and response- our good behaviour is conditioned by rewards and our bad behaviour is discouraged by
If all members of the school community are using the same principles and techniques when managing behaviour, it is much more likely that the children will respond in a positive way. The children will know the range of rewards and dispensations, and the order in which they will be used, no matter who is speaking to them about their behaviour. Workforce re-modelling has had an impact on a number of different professionals who are now working in schools. Support staff and midday supervisors, as well as those running extended school provision, should know the importance and impact of consistent methods. It is also important that support staff are given status within the school so that they are respected in the same way as fully qualified teaching
During the beginning of modern Europe, there were conflicting views on the proper way to view children. Previously in history, the infant mortality rate was very high, so kids were treated more like adults and were often neglected because odds were they would die. There was a resounding view that kids should be treated harshly in order to become strong. Then in the seventeenth century, the idea of being tender and gentle to your kids was introduced. The way in children were brought up was influenced by assumptions made on both old and new schools of thought.
The Raising of children has been a topic that has changed quite a lot because things change due to the surroundings of the child and who they are bore from. Children from the 16th - 17th century were treated well based on their social status on birth, if you were born into wealth you would likely survive and if you were born a bastard or into poverty then you would be more likely to die of disease or infanticide. Although infanticide was rampant in Europe during these times it had been going for ages, like in Sparta when children were born female or weak they would kill them because they weren’t good enough to be born into their society. The adults opinion on children over time changed from loving their children to killing them changed a lot
First, children replicate established beliefs and mannerisms set by parents in order to gain an understanding of the world around them. Robert Coles interviews one child who says, “You should honor your father and mother most of all; that’s why you should find out what they think and then sort of copy them. ”(Coles, 1980, p.439) The moral abdication of parents restricts the advancement of a child’s personal morals because children are under the presumption that they are to copy their parents. A child, then restricted to the beliefs of the parents, remain unable to discern for themselves.
During this developmental interview, I chose to conduct an observation/interview study with my one of my cousin’s child. This child is a 4 year old girl and will be identified as “child K” in relation to her first name. Her parents had no problem letting me interview her, but I had them stay in the same room as us. The purpose of this interview was to observe the child’s physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development. I observed her behavior and gave her several tests to show how well she has progressed.
Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern: The reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected patters is due to them maybe having a disability, emotional influences, physical influences, environmental influences, cultural influences, social influences, learning needs and communication skills. Children with disabilities require a lot more support than those without a disability in order to help them develop their skills and become more independent. Disabilities can affect more than one area of a child’s development depending on what disability they have and what support is available in order to help improve the child’s needs etc. Emotionally children are affected due to them maybe having signs of depression where they are quiet than the rest of the children and they shy away from joining in with different activities and getting involved with other children.
There was a strong correlation between the perceptions of children and how they were disciplined. Since children during the 16th century were viewed as sinners who needed to be fixed through education and strict discipline, parents would harshly control their children through threats and beatings. As seen in Doc 1C and Doc 2C, children were “sharply taunted, so cruelly threatened...sometimes with pinches and bobs” (Doc 1C) and often “cast [on] the ground and spurned and kicked” (Doc 2C). The circumstances children had to undergo were jarring and savage. Children, in return, viewed their parents as their masters whom they must obey.
Nevertheless, Skinner points out that children learn nothing from the punishment. Instead, they may start to work out how to avoid it (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Another concept is classical conditioning (classical behaviorism) that emphasizes on the relation between stimuli and response. This concept embodies in a famous experiment, in which the food is presented to the dog when the bell rings, and the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus for the dog (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Likewise, if children receive toys in the condition that they behave well, then they will probably repeat this behavior to get the toys.
Add an interesting intro. Into the Wild, by Jon Krakauer, is about the life of a young man named Chris McCandless who just graduated from college. The book outlines his journey from living in a family that expected him to go to college to how he died in Alaska. Chris’s story, while being one of many discusses in this book, shows how does expectations shape the decisions and actions you make. Overall societal expectation affects the decisions people in a way that fully reveals itself when dramatic actions come to light.
Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior Child upbringing has always been a topic of conflict. Especially in the late-modern society where terms such as ‘curling children’ and ‘helicopter parents’ are often used in the media, to describe overly spoiled children and parents who are overly protective towards their children. There are loads of discussions about if one should hover over their children to ensure their physical and mental wellbeing while having gotten too soft when it comes to standing one’s ground regarding possible consequences, or if children should have a stricter upbringing with less say in any matter. Chinese Amy Chua, who is resided in America where she is a professor at Yale Law School, discusses this subject in her article “Why
Throughout this essay I will be explaining how a behaviour policy supports teachers and how it can also create an effective learning environment. I will also be highlighting any issues which could potentially arise from the use of a behaviour policy. A behaviour policy is guidance for members of staff within a school on how to deal with different behaviours, and sets out the expectations of behaviour for all children at the school. If a behaviour policy is written well it will support the formation of an effective learning environment. An effective learning environment for young children is an environment in which all children feel able to express themselves freely, allowing them to learn effectively.
Becoming a parent is a task that cannot be taken lightly. It is a task filled with frustration, responsibilities and dedication, but is also filled with joy and satisfaction. From children learning how to behave to them going out with friends, rules, standards and expectations are set mostly by their parents. Parents make most of their children’s decision in the first couple of years from behalf from what they eat for breakfast from setting their curfew as they get older. As children began grow, they began to make their own choices and learn to deal with the consequence of their mistakes.
For operant conditioning theory, the major pioneers of the theory are B.F. Skinner and Edward Thorndike. Edward Thorndike proposed the Law of Effect in 1905, it states that actions which are followed by desirable outcomes are more likely to be repeated and vice versa. This law influenced Skinner’s investigation to a great extent and in this essay, I will take B.F. Skinner as the major pioneer of operant conditioning for further elaboration. Skinner is a behaviorist, he believes that classical conditioning cannot explain complex human behavior and the best way to understand behavior is to look at the cause and consequence of event and there are four contingencies in the theory. Bandura is the pioneer of observational theory, he believes that learning is not always measured by behaviors and can be done by observing others, self-efficacy, beliefs and desires of an
The behaviorist perspective emphasizes the role of “nurture” and considers a child’s learning to develop based on the stimuli, responses, and reinforcements that occur in their environment. According to the behaviorist theory, children are considered a “blank state” and learning occurs through associations established between stimuli, responses, and the events that occurred after the response behavior. The behaviorist theory suggests language is “taught” through situations encouraging children to imitate other people’s speech to develop associations between verbal stimuli. This theory also argues that positive reinforcement displayed towards a child’s verbal and non-verbal responses to language use directed them is responsible for their language
Your class has listened to a radio discussion about how adults can be a good influence on younger people. You have made the notes below: Ways adults can influence how younger people behave: giving rules setting an example offering advice Some opinions expressed in the discussion: “Sometimes it’s fun to break the rules!” “If you admire somebody, you try to behave like them.”