Essay On Neologisms

Business, economic, industrial, technological, scientific and social developments in the recent century have been led to emerging new words in the mainstream of languages, including new ideas, objects, processes and even variations on feelings which come from media.
Being known as a new word or expression with a new meaning (Newmark, 1988; Cabre, 1999; Hartmann & James, 1999; Pavel & Nolet, 2001; Sterkenburg, 2003; Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 2009), neologisms have been always challenging for translators because their meanings escape translators (Newmark, 1988.) Moreover, their meaning may not be found in dictionaries as they are created by their authors. According to him, difficulties in the translation of lexis are more than those of grammar; these difficulties arise

For example, taking into account the lack of systematic approach among translators to deal with neologisms, Emam (1991) in his study pointed to three strategies which Persian translators used to adopt in the past; meaning Arabic-oriented, Western-oriented, and pure-Persian oriented translations. In short, he referred to Tabatabai's principles for translation of Neologisms in Persian, out of which the following strategies were proposed a. finding an equivalent word in our language, b. loan creation and c. calque. In another descriptive study, Mirza Suzani (2006) also focused on neologisms, provided a category for neologisms including nineteen groups based on their structure. Then, he gave samples for each one according to synaesthetic, phonaesthetic effects and semantic transparency.
Given these notions, as the focus of this research is to investigate the trend of strategies adopted by Persian translators for translation of neologisms in children's and adults' literature during past years, a brief review of conducted studies on the translation of neologisms will be