Essay On Particulate Matter

Particulate matter (PM) is a composition of inert carbonaceous cores with multiple layers of various adsorbed molecules, including acid salts, organic pollutants, metals and biological elements, such as endotoxins, allergens and pollen fragment (Araujo et al, 2014). Particulate matter can be categorized in a few types. Total suspended particulates (TSP) is used to classify the particles that sizes up to 50μm.

The larger particles in this class cannot enter our lungs because the size is too big to get past our noses or throats. Subcategories of particles matter which is small particulate matter such as PM10 and PM2.5 particles may contained in TSP samples. Particulate matter can exist in liquid or solid form, including dust, smoke, aerosols, metallic oxides and pollen. All types of combustion can be the sources of PM2.5, such as motor vehicles, power plants, residential wood burning, forest fires, agricultural burning and some industrial processes (Gray, 2017).

1.6.5 Lung Function Test

Lung function test, also known as pulmonary function test is a test to measure how well your lung works. This test is used to determine the cause of breathing problems, such as shortness of breath (U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 2010). Professionals use lung function test to help

Construction activities including earth moving operation, truck loading, dumping of crushed rock, mud and dirt which carryout from construction site are identify as the most important contributors of particulate matter emission. A site preparation and concrete slab foundation construction project consists of nine different activities including site clearing (of brush and minor debris), removal of trees, general excavation, grading general area, excavation for utility trenches, placing formwork and reinforcement for concrete, installing sewer lines, installing other utilities, and pouring concrete (Li et al,