In Freud earlier papers, he observed that the human mind was capable of detaching from the emotional component of a lived experience, and projecting it onto a substitute object or manifesting as physcial symptom. Freud described this as “splitting of affect” which was primarily used as a line of defense. However, it was only after the case of "Dora" that Freud began to realize that "transference" was not just a type of resistance, but in fact, part of the psychoanalytic process. In the case of “Dora” which may be one of Freud’s most frustrating cases, in so far, that he felt that if he had managed the case more effectively he may have brought about healing for Dora, Freud states: "I did not succeed in mastering the transference in good time" (Freud, 1905, p.160). However, this oversight led to the further development of the concept transference, Freud realised that transference was more than just an obstacle, he stated that it involved the revisiting of old psychical conflicts. Freud wrote:
What are transferences? They are new editions or facsimiles of the impulses and phantasies which are aroused and made conscious during the progress of the analysis; but they have this peculiarity, which is characteristic of their species, that they
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Positive transference is then further divisible into transference of friendly or affectionate feelings which are admissible to consciousness and transference of prolongations of these feelings into the unconscious. As regards the latter, analysis shows that they invariably go back to erotic sources.... Originally we knew only sexual objects; and psychoanalysis shows us that people who in our real life are merely admired or respected may still be sexual objects for our unconscious. (Freud, 1912, p.
Originally from Austria, Sigmund Freud was a trained neurologist who was particularly interested in the human psyche. Over many years, Freud developed a theory to explain human behavior, what we refer to now as “Freudian Psychology.” First, he divided the mind into three levels, and used the analogy of an iceberg to help others understand it. On the surface, Freud identified the Conscious. It is here that most of our decision making and ideas are processed.
He discovers that he must study Freud the same way he studies the
How her circumstances forced her to become the adult prematurely and disown her vulnerability. F was luckily ‘emotionally linked’ to me and thus when confronted with the projection she felt assured that “the split off bad parts of the self are not grounds for abandonment.” As a therapist one has to be aware if the countertransference is habitual or induced by projective identification. Projective identification is a self-fulfilling prophecy and if therapist becomes aware of it, it can good insight in the client’s interpersonal relationships.
Therapists are there that are also known as an all-knowing guru, ideal lover, or a master of person’s fate. In the report, “Transference” by Goodtherapy.org, it believes, “Proponents of psychoanalysis believe that transference is a therapeutic tool that is crucial in understanding an individual’s unconscious or repressed feelings.” This creates an understanding of how an ability of one person can heal one’s unconscious feelings. In short, therapy is there to help a person if they’re dealing with a type of transference that they can no longer handle on their
When comparing and contrasting the psychodynamic and behaviourist approach to psychology similarities can be noted in early learning experiences and how this effects adult personalities. The differences can be seen in their views on mental process and in testing each theory. “The psychodynamic perspective searches for the causes of behaviour within the inner workings of our personality emphasizing the role of unconscious process”. (Passer, 2009 p11)
This essay will compare and contrast two theories of romantic attachment/approaches, the interpersonal theory of attraction which are the positive feelings and attitudes towards another individual and the attachment theory which focuses on how the emotional bond between an infant and their caregiver affect the individual when they are an adult and how this may be applied to romantic attachment. It will also evaluate the strengths and limitations of each theory with reference to examples and scholarly articles. This essay will also argue that both theories are useful explanations of romantic attachment/attraction. There are also three other theories of interpersonal attraction; social exchange theory, evolutionary theory and the socio-cultural
Transference A Freudian concept that has been proven to be useful and beneficial in exploring a client’s behavior and unexplored feelings is that of defense mechanisms (Maltby, Day ,and Macaskill 2010).Defense mechanisms are meant to protect an individual from unpleasant thoughts and emotions .According to the Freudian theory a defense mechanism is a tactic developed by the ego to protect against anxiety. Defence mechanisms are thought to safeguard the mind against feelings and thoughts that are too difficult for the conscious mind to cope with. (Maltby, Day ,and Macaskill 2010).
Freud was inspired by this theory and believed that the mind has many flows. One of the strengths of psychodynamic intervention for is its capacity to identify underlying issues such as resentment and anger that may have their genesis in early childhood familial experiences. Secondly, psychodynamic therapy "places heavy emphasis on patients ' relationships and interpersonal experience" (Shedler, 2010, para.
Throughout the theory Freud mentions how there are parts of us psyche come together and make up our perception and our unconscious. Freud also
Andersen and Berk discuss the impact of old relationships on new/present relationships; notably, the “activation of mental representations of significant others and the use of these representations in relation to new individuals underlie transference, and thus that transference occurs as a result of basic principles that govern the activation and use of social constructs”
Transference was appeared to be the feelings that the patients erroneously transfers to the therapist that perhaps originated out of earlier relationships. On the other hand, countertransference is the opposite.
In this article, the author comparing the counseling process and its outcome metaphorically to Freud 's psychosexual stage idea of personality progress. He focuses on similarities between the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages of both Freud 's idea and the counseling route, leading to fresh awareness into the nature of the counseling relationship. To define term of metaphora :"metaphors intend to suggest, and thus to reveal, certain images which enable us to see a likeness between initially different events"(Garcia, John L,2001). That is to explain this comparison is to prove how metaphors can be used to make uncertain experiences; and to offer an idea for refreshing the clinical perspective on the nature of the counseling relationship. Sigmund Freud, was one of the most influential people of the twentieth century ,he was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior.
Also he talks about how you are able to solve emotional problems while you are asleep and dreaming (Theory of the Unconscious). This idea goes back to the quote from the beginning of this paper freud believes that much of our mind is part of the unconscious state and that only part of our personality is is visible on the
The overabundance of clinically rooted concepts begin to put threat onto the clinical field as such excess of clinical strategies and techniques are mutually incompatible will create a nearly impossible issues in the conduction of psychoanalytic knowledge and skills. (Nunberg, NCBI, 1943) According to Nunberg, NCBI, (1943) the last 30 years; advancements in every aspect of the field in neuroscience have invalidate the basis for the earlier psychoanalytic which result to neglecting this field. Neuroscientists are not anymore troubled with mental disabilities or even organic disorders. Current evaluations of neuroscientific work approve that most of Freud original studies in this field including his works on the universal influence of non-conscious processes and the organizing function of emotions for thinking, have been discovered validity in scientific
Greenberg (1986) believes Freud’s case studies do not place enough stress on revealing the outcome of the treatment and that Freud’s aim was more to illustrate his theoretical points (p.240). In cases, Greenberg asserts that many of the presented cases would not even be considered acceptable examples of psychoanalysis and, in short, that virtually all of the cases studies had basic shortcomings (p.240). Furthermore, many other powerful criticisms about Freud inaccurate and subsequently flawed evidence have been published. These critics contend that Freud’s evidence is flawed due to the lack of an experiment, the lack of a control group, and the lack of observations that went unrecorded (Colby, 1960, p.54).