Friedel Crafts Acylation Lab Report

3. To purify and identify the product, recrystallization is used in order to purify the product, then melting point and TLC techniques are used to identify the product. Theory 4.

Gobe and team used AuI or AuIII complexes for the synthesis of pentacyclic indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidines from N-allyl tryptamines and ortho-alkynylarylaldehydes(36). They performed this reaction following the novel work done by Adithi Danda et al for the development of a catalytic two-step reaction sequence to access a range of complex heterocyclic frameworks based on biorelevant indole/oxindole scaffolds using Au(1) complex as a catalyst(37). They initiated their study by establishing the suitable catalytic system for the Pictet–Spengler gold-catalyzed cyclization onepot process (Scheme 16). To this aim, N-allyl tryptamine 70 and aldehyde 71 were reacted in the presence of catalytic amounts of diphenyl phosphate (DPP, 5 mol%), to ensure catalysis of the Pictet–Spengler reaction and various catalyst 72 in dichloroethane at

The goal of the experiment is to synthesize a bromohexane compound from 1-hexene and HBr(aq) under reflux conditions and use the silver nitrate and sodium iodide tests to determine if the product is a primary or secondary hydrocarbon. The heterogeneous reaction mixture contains 1-hexene, 48% HBr(aq), and tetrabutylammonium bromide and was heated to under reflux conditions. Heating under reflux means that the reaction mixture is heated at its boiling point so that the reaction can proceed at a faster rate. The attached reflux condenser allows volatile substances to return to the reaction flask so that no material is lost. Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst.

One of the reactions you observed resulted in this product: NaCl + H2O + CO2 (g)? What well did this reaction occur in? Describe how the observations for this reaction support your answer. B BoldI ItalicsU Underline Bulleted list Numbered list Superscript Subscript70 Words A reaction I observed in number 1.)

This verified the formation of the major products. Overall, one can say that the experiment was

The separation of the phospholipid classes can be improved by two-dimensional chromatography. This technique requires developing the TLC plate in a direction, then dried, and developed in a solvent mixture at a 90 ° the first development (Singh and Jiang,

2. Experimental method 2.1 Synthesis of PbSe and PbSe: Nd nanoparticles Neodymium doped PbSe samples (Pb1-xNdxSe) with x=0, 0.05, 0.10 at pH 5 were prepared by wet chemical precipitation technique, adding hydrazine hydrate as the precipitating agent at room temperature. Freshly prepared aqueous solution and analytical grade lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) and selenium dioxide (SeO2) were used as precursor materials. Initially, 2 g of lead nitrate and 0.555 g selenium dioxide were separately dissolved in 60 ml of double distilled water in three neck flask and stirred for 30 min. Conversion of neodymium oxide into nitrate by adding 2N nitric acid in a water bath is used as dopant precursor.

Aim The purpose of this experiment was to use fractional distillation technique to separate cyclohexane and toluene. Background Information Distillation is a technique which is used for separating two or more volatile products based on differences in their boiling points. Distillation can be used to separate a volatile solvent from a non-volatile product and separate a volatile product from non-volatile impurities.

It is well recognized that sol-gel techniques have several benefits for producing ceramic particulates amid high purity, high crystallinity, and controllable grain size with good scalability. Sol-gel process, though, has a few drawbacks such as the need of costly precursor resources and little homogeneity of the finishing product. We report, herein, a cost effective sol-gel method for the gram-scale synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using inexpensive starting materials of less toxicity. 5.1.2

The errors in the acidic and neutral compounds can be explained by impurities in the crude product, along with the presence of the solvents, ethyl acetate and water, which disturbed the stability of the compounds, and led to lower melting points over a larger range. The abnormally high melting point of the base may have been observed due to improper separation of the acid and base solutions in the separation funnel. Some of the acidic compound may have entered the basic solution and reacted with the base to form a high melting point salt, making the melting point of the base appear abnormally high. The Mel-Temp was also turned on a high setting accidentally, so it is possible that the temperature rose too quickly to get a good reading of the melting

More specifically, this lab was met in terms of gaining an understanding in separating an acid, base and neutral compound from a mixture and identify through melting point. Overall, the experiment was successful as the acid (benzoic), base (5-chloro-2- methoxyaniline) and neutral (biphenyl) compounds were correctly identified. The separation of mixtures compounds to give pure components is of great importance in chemistry and in specific in organic chemistry. Many synthetic reactions give mixtures of products and it is important to isolate the wanted compound with a precise methodology of extraction and purification. Identification of the compound can always be identified by melting point

The motivation of this investigation was to achieve 85% of methanol recovery from the distillate. II. Methodology: The distillation column was analyzed theoretically using McCabe Thiele to establish the number of stages required for separation. The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for methanol and 2-propanol was used to plot curves of methanol-vapor fraction versus methanol-liquid fraction, and methanol liquid-vapor fraction versus temperature.

The goal of this experiment was to synthesize the unknown ester through Fischer Esterification. This procedure involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol and a strong acid catalyst. This procedure was also catalyzed with heat at 160oC-180oC, to keep the temperature from exceeding the boiling points of the compounds in use. The acid catalyst protonated the double bonded oxygen atom to force the atom to pull two electrons away from the double bond in order to stabilize the atom’s charge. As this electron shift occurred, the alcohol attacked the carbocation that lost its double bond.

Two chemical reactions are carried by adding sodium hydroxide to the acidic solution from Part I. During the first reaction is the neutralization of the excess of nitric acid in the mixture by sodium hydroxide. The second reaction takes the place after naturalization is a complete and NaOH is in excess. While the liquid inside the beaker is being stirred, with the stirring rod, 10 ml of 6 M NaOH is poured into the solution from Part I at 1 mL at a time. After each 1 mL the solution is tested for acidity with red litmus paper.

Experimental Clay-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol Cyclohexanol (10.0336 g, mmol) was added to a 50 mL round bottom flask containing five boiling chips, Montmorillonite K10 clay (1.0430 g) was then added to the cyclohexanol and the mixture was swirled together. The flask was then placed in a sand bath and attached to a simple distillation apparatus. The contents of the flask were then heated at approximately 150 °C to begin refluxing the cyclohexanol. The distillation flask was then loosely covered with aluminum foil and the hood sash was lowered in order to minimize airflow. As the reaction continued, the temperature was adjusted in order to maintain a consistent rate of distillation.