(4) Oligodendrogliomas:- Oligodendroglioma is an incurable but slowly progressive malignant brain tumor. They can be treated with surgical resection, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. For suspected low-grade oligodendrogliomas in select patients, some neuron-oncologists opt for a course of watchful waiting, with only symptomatic therapy. Tumors with the 1p/19q co-deletion have been found to be especially chemo sensitive, and one source reports oligodendrogliomas to be "among the most chemosensitive of human solid malignancies". A median survival of up to 16.7 years has been reported for low grade oligodendrogliomas.
The tumor is represented in 3D by using a bounded volume box of shapes ellipsoid, sphere. The location where it presents is marked in the 3d triangular mesh breast model. V. Ramalingam et al [9] proposed a method of segmenting the masses using only the single view image i.e. either CC or MLO view. Initially, the image is preprocessed to remove the artifacts, pectoral muscle and noise.
Hispathology The pathological characteristic or features of Angiocentric Glioma are quite similar to other types of brain tumors such as astrocytomas and ependymomas. Yet, their occurrences are rare in cases and this make accurate diagnosis difficult. In general, Angiocentric Glioma is demonstrating an angiocentric pattern and it composed of diffusely infiltrating, monomorphic, bipolar spindle cells which is arranged in around blood vessels in concentric sleeves and pseudorosettes. Plus, the immunohistochemical staining result for this tumor is typically positive mostly for glial fibrillary acidic protein. CASE STUDY PATIENT DEMOGRAPHIC’S
In this paper, we took the training samples from other sources. This leads to improved classification accuracy. In brain MR images, after appropriate segmentation of brain tumor classification of tumor into malignant and benign is difficult task due to the complexity and variations in tumor tissue characteristics like its gray level of the image, the shape of the image and size of the image
Basal Cell Carcinoma-Many basal cell carcinomas simply look like a small bump that has a pearl color to it. In most cases, it is found in areas that are prone to an excessive amount of sun, like the nose. While this cancerous tumor will spread to surrounding areas, it does not spread to other areas of the body. 2. Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Squamous Cell Carcinoma is also found on the body that receives a lot of sun exposure.
Yamanuha reported mesenteric tumor in a 52 year old with a partially calcified lobulated mass in the mesentery with smaller nodes in adjacent mesentery also without tumor activity elsewhere after imaging, colonoscopy and direct visualization at surgery {Yamanuha 2009}. Karahan et al. also reported a 2 cm primary mesenteric tumor with an area of calcification {Karahan
S. (2003) 'Hyperthyroidism', the lancet, 362, 459-468. Surgical treatment of GD is more advantageous than the medical treatment i.e anti-thyroid medication (ATM) or radioactive iodine (RAI) due to its fast correction of thyrotoxicosis, but most physicians do not recommend surgery because of the concern over permanently disabling the thyroid(i.e thyroid-specific morbidity) (Phitayakorn et al 2013).Other advantages of surgery for GD include the ability in improving the cause of graves’ disease ophthalmopathy and it is less costly compared with RAI and ATM which involves a lifelong therapy. (Phitayakorn et al 2013). Additionally, surgery prevent the patient from developing thyroid cancer (Phitayakorn et al 2013).From the studies conducted by the same author, it is concluded that surgical treatment using TT is indicated as a safe treatment for GD. Surgery provides the most rapid recovery than anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) that has to be taking for a long time, and the RAI in which it has to be use for a long time before it takes effect (Schussler-fiorenza et al., 2006).
All these strategies have their own advantages and limitations. Surgery is known to be the most ancient technique for treating cancer. Surgeons like Paget and Bilroth from 1846 reported the tendency of reoccurrence even after surgical removal along with lymph nodes. Emergence of new techniques for effective imaging like sonography, computed tomography (CT scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scans) and positron emission tomography (PET scans) have made the thing easier (9). Now-a-days less invasive surgical techniques are in use for the treatment of cancer due to the advances in field of science like laser have been tried for removal of tumor tissues in case of cervix, larynx, rectum, skin and various other organs (10).
The Malignant tumor grows and spreads quickly everywhere in the nearby areas. Benign tumors are slow growing and do not spread in their neighboring tissues. Medical images are digitally represented in a multitude of formats depending on the modality, anatomy, and scanning technique. The most outstanding feature of medical image is always displayed in gray scale or color images. MRI is the most commonly used technique for monitoring and evaluating the brain tumors.
Cancer is a serious body cell disorder in which the cells develop into tumours which is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. There are two types of tumour which are benign and malignant. Benign tumours do not spread but remain localised within the body and grow slowly. However, malignant tumours are called cancers and often grow rapidly and spreading to other organs using the bloodstream and lymphatic system. In recent years, the survival rates have increase significantly due to the improvement of the detection method and the tumours can be found in their early stages of