In a narrative format, discuss the key facts and critical issues discussed in The New England Journal of Medical, Global Health, and the Law.
“Global Heath Law has been defined as the legal norms, processes, and institutions that are designed primarily to attain the highest possible standard of physical and mental health for the world’s population”. (Lawrence Gostin, 2014) Global Health Law affects numerous areas such as national security, economic prosperity, and sustainable development to human rights and social justice. If the concern is really about political responsibility of health we cannot be concerned about medical or ethical law we have to look at the provision of public health care and to make sure people have access to clean
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S. (2014). Global Health and the Law. The New England Journal of Medicine, 1732-1740.
2. The world has become a global economy. Travel advances have minimized the time it takes for an individual to access most of the world. Thus, disease can spread in a matter of hours or days, exposing the world to potentially catastrophic epidemics. Discuss implications, risks, and ramifications of not managing disease.
When diseases are not managed it is mainly because of globalization. Globalization has increased the urgency and change and changed the way in which nations must protect and promote health, in part due to the growing number of health hazards that increasingly cross national boundaries (Dodgson et al., 2002; Lee, 2002, 2003). These threats include infectious diseases, such as avian flu, swine flu, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), as well as unhealthy imports, such as tobacco, which heighten the risk of many non-communicable and chronic diseases. (Press, 2009) Some other chronic diseases that are not managed are caused by certain risk factors like an unhealthy diet, no physical activity, and tobacco use can cause premature deaths. In order for you to try and manage how to prevent a disease you will need to do some research. By researching you can get an understanding, try to prevent, and be able to treat the disease that are mostly impacted in the low and middle income countries. Increased trade liberalization, one of the driving forces
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More people are traveling to and from other countries and food and medical supply chains are also stretched across the globe. Because of these things illnesses are rising and it causes a threat to people everywhere. Disease can occur naturally, can be intentionally produced, or a laboratory accident. Some poorly treated diseases such as TB in other continents have shown up in the US. It is so much to be done here in the United States that we are not yet safe. The Center of Disease Control (CDC) is working together with global health security to help develop health systems so that they can prevent epidemics and respond quickly and effectively. Global Health Security is in place to provide security from the threat of infectious diseases. All it will take is for a disease to surface somewhere and the threat of that disease can become global through travel, spread of new microbes, and the release of dangerous microbes intentionally or not. There are new threats emerging now as we speak like the flu and new strands of that vaccine are available. This new strand is supposed to help prevent you from getting the flu but right now this new flu is becoming deadly. The GHS initiative will lead to earlier detection and more effective control of these resistant germs before they spread to the U.S. (Health,
Throughout time as human population has continued to grow, there is an increasing need for a societal structure that addresses large health concerns as well as maintain infrastructure to provide health related services to the public. In our society today this is known as public health. Public health is the umbrella term for all services, preventions, and promotions of health related factors that directly relate to humans and animals as well as the environment around them. Due to the wide spectrum of responsibilities related to public health, many stories have arisen that directly relate to the abilities and processes that exist under it. The book called The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks directly relates to the ethical aspect of public health.
In Rio de Janeiro, the newspapers were only concerned with the spread of the flu (Doc 4). The historical context that this article took place in South America shows the negligence of medical centers. The flu had been known to the world as well as the alarming rate of the spread of it, yet there were no medicals safety precautions being taken place. By time the flu and reached South America, medical facilities had the chance to make safety precautions as to stop the spreading of the virus. The same angry reaction occured in British Samoa as the newspapers blamed the British government for neglecting to issue isolation when influenza had spread to Samoa (Doc
The SARS led to the loss of lives, business bankruptcy and affected the tourism industry, this all led to a negative impact on the economy of the country. The health systems should use the three reports, Naylor, Kirby and Walker to renew the systems by increasing the resources, improving the systems and inter-agency cooperation. These would help by allowing for a better plan and preparing for future disasters. Political parties should come together with a common objective of having a plan for infectious disease protection, there should be a political motive to implement the plan and the need for the political parties to review and maintain the plan to ensure protection of the entire community. There is a need to increase the number of medical practitioners, and should be trained to deal with these types of incident should they happen in the future.
The world seems to turn a blind eye to global health. Whether they use the excuse, as said in the book, “resources are limited.” Or countries just simply do not want to go out of their way to provide for these countries. That is why Paul Farmer and his colleagues set out to help these people who are suffering from bad diseases, as well as government systems that will not do anything to help these people in need. The book “Mountains Beyond Mountains” by Tracy Kidder is the chronicling of anthropologist, professor, and doctor Paul Farmer.
The CDC works around the clock to monitor and prevent disease epidemics, develop disease prevention policies, and nurture safe environments. The CDC also leads public health efforts to prevent and control infectious and chronic diseases and environmental health coercions. The agency focuses on reinforcement surveillance and epidemiology, improving health globally, providing aid to local and state health departments, decreasing causes of death, and improving health procedures. The CDC 's disease prevention efforts comprise of making the public aware on how to identify and avoid getting infectious diseases, like a cold or strep throat.
Task 2 C228 V2 Breanna Bras Western Governors University An example of a communicable disease outbreak that crossed international borders is the H1N1 influenza virus, also known as “swine flu”. The H1N1 flu outbreak was originally discovered in April 2009. The first known occurrence originated in Mexico and then was detected in the United States soon after. By May 2009, the H1N1 flu virus was confirmed to have spread to a total of 39 countries including: Spain, United Kingdom, Panama, Colombia, Brazil, Italy, China, France, Korea, New Zealand, Japan, Ireland, Germany, Argentina, El Salvador, Belgium, Denmark, Australia, Peru, Norway, India, Austria, Thailand Cuba, Sweden, Portugal, Ecuador, Finland, Guatemala, Israel, Malaysia, Netherlands, Turkey and Poland ("Latest news on swine flu", 2009).
The epidemic of 1918 provides insight on the treatment of the flu because of the attempts during 1918. Due to the lack of research, doctors did not know how to treat the flu so they often used medieval techniques. For example, “Treatment
Preparation is key to the health crisis because it allows “a strong response, organized, and scientifically based” (KLTV). Action plans must meet early enough and properly in order to produce the best results. Politicians in Texas must be consistent in their actions and coordinate all available resources. It is essential to invest in public health resources in order to prepare preventive measures to minimize the impact of health crises, as they generally always the poorest suffer most.
Countries showed many levels of success in handling the crisis, leading to a wide range of outcomes and political implications (Baldwin & Weder di Mauro, 2020). Society saw an extreme transformation during this time. From introducing social distancing norms to significant increases in remote work, the pandemic changed how we live, work, and interact. Also, it brought mental health and other social issues to be just as important, leading to increased awareness and discussions around these topics. Diplomatically, the pandemic did damage international relations, as other
For example, Japan having one of the world’s highest life expectancy rates at 84 and Sierra Leone having one of the world’s lowest low expectancies rates dropping to 46 which is nearly half of Japan’s projected rate! It’s also incredibly telling that the leading causes of death in wealth, developed countries like the United States are non-communicable diseases often resulting from poor lifestyle choices, for instance heart disease and diabetes which are connected to America’s high rates of obesity compared to the rest of the world. In the least developed countries on the other hand, the impoverished people there die mostly from communicable diseases and infections such as respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. Here in the United States, where although the quality of health care is debatable, very few people would die from the same illnesses because most people have relatively easy access to hospitals, medicines, and vaccines even if they need it far less than those who can’t afford it. I think that technology leading most people to live more sedentary lives is the most crucial cause in these cardiovascular non-communicable diseases which a majority of the people in western countries
People smelt death, they saw people’s dead bodies, They had chills, fevers, headaches, myalgia. ¨The origin site for the 1918 influenza pandemic which killed more than 50 million people worldwide has been hotly debated. While the mid-western United States, France, and China have all been identified as potential candidates by medical researchers, the military context for the pandemic has been all but ignored. Conversely, military historians have paid little attention to a deadly disease which underlines the reciprocal relationship between battlefield and homefront.¨ How the disaster could have been prevented, if the doctors knew more. If not prevented, discuss how could the disaster been handled differently, if people would of stayed in there house and had precautions. Influenza, acute, infectious, contagious viral disease of the respiratory tract, especially the trachea, colloquially called flu or, less often, grippe.
The current healthcare reform movement is calling for health institutions to evaluate and redesign the historical approach to healthcare in order to reduce costs and improve outcomes for the population. Unfortunately, “the health sector itself has little or no direct control over most of the underlying conditions required for health” (Braveman & Gruskin, 2003, p. 541). These underlying conditions can best be described as the social determinants of health (SDH) defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work [and] age,”. The Ottawa Charter (1986) further defined the prerequisites for health a bit more clearly as peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable
During 2020 everyone experienced a change in their daily routine. Students had to adjust to online learning, adults had to work from home and no one was allowed to do anything outside of their home. These changes had an effect on people's mental health that can be seen now, three years after the pandemic. People are more aware of sick people around them and cautious about coughing and sneezing because they are scared of being judged or seen as unhealthy. Masks are not required anymore but some continue to wear masks because they fear catching and spreading germs.
People began to improve sanitation and personal hygiene. The betterment of having a clean society, and making cities less crowded. (Stock) The cleaner society and less populous cities made for less outbreaks of disease, more living space, and less congestion when traveling. There were safety regulations put out by state and national governments in the U.S. so that the disease would not spread. (Ott)
Have you ever heard of the famous “yellow fever” disease? If you were born right here in North America, you’ve probably never heard of it. Personally, in all my nineteen years I’ve only encountered the name a couple of times but never enough to care very much about it. This is because yellow fever primarily resides outside of North America, where there are harsh environments and extreme changes in social status. Places such as South America and Africa are frequently attacked by diseases, leaving people crippled from loss of strength and eventually even stealing their lives.