C221 Task 2 H1N1

It was a disease caused by the Variola virus both type major and minor. It was spread through means of contact such as airborne,bloodborne, and foodborne . Since it was a virus it hacked cells of the body and and reproduced in host cells giving the body terrible effects and symptoms such as permanent red scars/spots , vomiting, fever and colds. It can be tested and confirmed through the use of an electron microscope and through physical findings. . It lasts a duration of couple weeks to a month and during this time makes the person significantly ill.

However the real victims in danger are infants, “who are typically hospitalized [due to the fact that] whooping cough is more dangerous in that age group” (Treatments and Drugs). Some cures or home remedies would be to get plenty of sleep, and drink plenty of liquids. One way of preventing viruses is by, “practicing good hygiene to prevent the spread of [a] respiratory illness” (Prevention). Other ways of preventing pertussis are by getting vaccinated. There are many types of vaccines for pertussis, “in the U.S. DTap, Tdap and Td vaccines are most commonly used” (Vaccine Information).

However , pneumonia can be treated at home in most cases by : • Drinking lots of fluids • Tons of rest • Cough medicines shouldn’t be taken without prior consultation • Fever is to be controlled with apririn In cases of severe pneumonia , antibiotics and fluids may be injected into the veins. 1.10 Complications The possible complications following pneumonia could be : • Acute respiratory distress syndrome • Pleural effusion • Lung abscesses • Respiratory failure • Sespis (leading to organ failure) 1.11 Transmission Pneumonia can be transmitted in a number of ways. The viruses present in a childs nose , can cause inf ection in the lungs if inhaled.

Influenza presents as a rapid onset of malaise, chills fever, sore throat, nonproductive cough. Common cold symptoms are a runny nose and eyes, nasal stuffiness. A less aggressive onset with the initial appearance of nasal sinus irritation and excessive nasal secretions. Flu contrasts from a common cold in that it usually has a sudden, acute onset of fever, fatigue, and aching pains in the body. It may also cause viral pneumonia.

Many people who suffer from asthma are allergic to aspirin. Asthma is also, frequently associated with hay fever, which is also an allergy. Attacks of asthma often follow periods of heavy exertion or emotional strain. An infection of the nose and throat can hasten the start of an attack. A change in the weather may also bring on an attack.

Transmission occurs in large areas of Africa, central and South America, the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe and the South Pacific. The body’s natural defence mechanisms that fight malarial parasites are more common in populations of people, that are continually exposed to the parasite. Also for individuals with inherited conditions such as sickle cell anaemia and Thalassaemia, which are in fact conditions in which cause abnormalities in the red blood cells. It is also found within people that come from regions impacted by malaria.

Renée Johnson, Potential Farm Sector Effects of 2009 H1N1 “Swine Flu”: Questions and Answers, June 24, 2009. University of Illinois Extension, “Crop markets react to swine flu,” Weekly Outlook, April 27, 2009; and W. Cheng,“China, Indonesia Ban Pork From Mexico, U.S. on Flu,” Bloomberg.com, April 27,

Allergic conjunctivitis Description Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva caused due to allergy. It is mainly caused by air borne allergy contacting the eye. Specific IgE causes local mast cell degranulation and the release of chemical mediators including histamines, eosinophil, chemo- tactic factors and platelet activating factors that lead to inflammation. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs more frequently among those with allergic conditions, with the symptoms having a seasonal correlation. It is a frequent condition affecting 20% of the population annually worldwide.

1. Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV): Varicella and Zoster virus (VZV) belongs to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily and is the responsible for two human illnesses: varicella and zoster. Three Alphaherpesviruses are capable of infecting humans: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The members of this subfamily are commonly characterised by their ability to establish a latent infection in neurons. Primary infection occurs in epithelial cells leading to a skin rash and fever as a phenotype.

Another problem that has widely affected a large number of people would be alcohol addiction. Alcohol addiction is pretty much explanatory, it is when a dependency or need for alcohol is felt by user. This can have a bad effect as it can lead to heavy mood swings,

Children under the age of two and older adults who have weak immune systems are at the most risk. Pneumococcal meningitis is harmful and can cause severe brain damage or ca even cause someone to go deaf. Meningococcal meningitis is the second most common form of meningitis and it is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitides. People at risk for this disease include infants under the age of one, people who travel to foreign countries, freshmen in college who live in the dorms and people with suppressed immune systems. Between 10 and 15 percent of the cases are fatal and 10 to 15 percent up end with brain

This disease is spread by direct contact. Symptoms are very bad and after it it’s horrible. The disease symptoms will include high fever, body aches etc. This disease is transmitted The CDC has determined “smallpox is an acute, contagious, and sometimes fatal disease by variola virus” (“questions and answers about smallpox disease”). Smallpox has been around for many many years , about a thousand years.

In Wisconsin EIA was known as “Equine Relapsing Fever”. In 1901 U.S. experienced its first epidemic of EIA. As EIA spread through the U.S. it was recorded to have been in ten states: Nevada, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, Kansas, Colorado and Texas by 1909. ( http://www.floridahorse.com/EIA.html) EIA was knowingly, spreading throughout the states

•The influenza infection is extremely infectious: When a contaminated individual coughs, wheezes or talks, respiratory droplets are produced and transmitted into the air, and can then can be breathed in by someone close-by. •A person who touches something with the infection on it and afterward touches his or her mouth, eyes or nose can get to be contaminated. •An influenza pandemic, for example, the one in 1918, happens when a particularly harmful new flu strain for which there 's practically no immunity shows up and spreads rapidly from individual to-individual around the world.

As the rash spreads, it can cause blistering of all (Simmons 2007). The mucosa membranes will be affected in the following ways: The eyes will become red, sticky, and soar causing conjunctivitis, The mouth and lips will become red and clustered and the mouth will begin to get ulcers, esophagus will swell which would cause difficulty eating, The upper respiratory track will start closing up due to all the swelling causing and respiratory distress, The genital and urinary track will also gain ulcers, and the GI track will be affected causing severe diarrhea These signs and symptoms are very painful not only the lesions and blistering are occurring on the external part of the body but also in the interior part of the body. Due to these signs and symptoms a patient will become extremely anxious and will feel extreme pain and because of the pain patients will be in a induce coma. The skin and mucosal membranes are the part of the body that gets affected the most but other organs may be affected including liver,