Hopwood Vs Texas

On a word document, write 4 paragraphs (4-6 sentences each) on the following: 1. Merits/elements of Fisher v. UT- Austin Petitioner The Petitioner believes that Abigail Fisher was denied admission to the University of Texas Austin because UT had a race conscious admissions program. This violated the 14th amendment which grants rights and citizenship to all people born as naturalized citizens in the United States. The petitioner observed that before the individual was picked, some students were accepted based on their race.

Her argument is that large scale drug testing is ineffective and an economic waste. She goes on to say that “in a four-month testing period in Florida, 2.6 percent of applicants tested positive, saving the state less than the cost of the tests” (Young). While both pieces of information pertain to her argument and give the audience a better understanding of why she believes drug-testing should not be written into legislature, neither are given proper credit. No secondary sources are cited as a reference to prove the information’s credibility. When evaluating an argument’s effectiveness, due credit to outside sources is absolutely necessary.

Despite the US Supreme Court ruling that made segregation in schools illegal (in Brown v. Board of Education), school districts around the country continued to discriminate against Latino students. As [someone from documentary] mentions, “quote”. Although nearly half a century has passed since East L.A. Walkouts, limitations on Chicano Studies continue to occur. To understand the contributions of the ‘Walkouts’, we will paragraph 1 and challenges that the education of Chicanos currently face. Prior to the implementation from the federal government, such as English as a Second Language (ESL), College Assistance Migrant Program (CAMP), and Executive Order 15333, Chicano students in California and Texas demonstrated protested which forced school districts and the United States government to focus on the issues.

A federal judge in Texas temporarily blocked a directive allowing students to use bathrooms and locker rooms as per their gender identity. The ruling was pronounced before schools are scheduled to open for the next academic year. Texas and 11 other states had sued the Department of Education and Department of Justice over the directive which extends the Title IX law to interpret restrictions over bathroom use in accordance with birth genders as sexual discrimination. US District Judge Reed O 'Connor said that the federal education law in Title IX was not ambiguous about the definition of sex determined at birth.

Based on these reasons, Sacks and Thiel believe that instead of accomplishing its purpose of putting an end to discrimination, affirmative action has instead promoted discrimination and unequal rights to certain students. In order to solve the issues of affirmative action, the authors suggest that the “sole criterion” for admissions should revolve around personal “achievements” which race can not be categorized into since they describe it as a personal “trait.” By focusing solely on merit, colleges would be evaluating students based on aspects that are considered to be non­discriminative.

Before the petitioner filed the lawsuit against UT, they never bothered to clearly state their compelling interest in educational diversity with clarity. (Regents of Univ. of Cal. V. Bakke) I would ask how taking race into account promotes diversity.

Perhaps the best way to do this would be to solely base bails off of risk assessments. By using the basis of risk for bails, then the system improves as it no longer disproportionately discriminates against people from low income backgrounds. Moreover this approach is within the limits of the Constitution as the basis of dangerous is not per se unconstitutional according to the precedents set forth by United States v. Salerno ("Bail"). Ultimately, as shown the modern American bail system fails to protect the constitutional rights of the accused.

The reason why this is used is because the smaller the alpha level, the smaller area where you draw your hypothesis. The alpha level relies on how positive you desire to be present that probability is not accountable for the result of improbable procedures. I would use the same alpha level because if an experimental result has less than this possibility of occurrence at random, then it can be called statistically significant. If there were any changes to make the alpha smaller then the null hypothesis would be discarded. To draw a better and more accurate conclusion I would use a greater number of participants to perform the tasks and delope a larger sample size and observation.

1. This is an effective argument because some people will agree with the surcharge and some people would not. 2. This is not an effective argument because it does not provide a subject that people would feel strongly about on either side. A better way to phrase it so it would be effective as an argument topic is: Charter schools are a better alternative to public schools.

Retrospective cohort studies are much cheaper as the data have already been collected.1 This type of study is the lack of bias because the outcome of current interest was not the original reason for the data to be collected.1 However, because the cohort was originally constructed for another purpose, it is unlikely that all the relevant information will have been rigorously collected. Retrospective cohorts studies have other disadvantages that people with the outcome of interest are more likely to remember certain antecedents or minimize or exaggerate what they now consider being as risk factors (recall bias).1 Sample or population selection and loss to follow-up is a major potential cause of bias.1 Any loss to follow-up can significantly affect the validity of the

Negative effects of PED use include baldness, liver damage, acne, “roid rage”, and other physical and psychological effects. ("Effects of Performance-Enhancing) Death however, is not one of the potential risks of using PEDs, making it safer than many other substances that one may put into their body (alcohol, drugs). PEDs do not harm society, only the individual (Dillingham). It is foolish to say that it puts individuals at risk when they are already encouraging one another to hit one another as hard as they can. In addition, any human that is smaller than another is already at a disadvantage.

Joshua Sisk AP Government Dr. Smith 5/13/2017 Citation- Grutter v Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 Facts- When a white woman, Barbara Grutter a resident of Michigan, applied for the University of Michigan law school, she was denied based on so called “soft variables”, such as race. Grutter sued the University of Michigan for racial discrimination. President of the university, Lee Bollinger, was elected the defendant of the case.

Reverse discrimination is unequal, preferential treatment against some people to advance the interest of others. This is an issue that has been around for years and will be for years to come. Whether it is two students applying for college or adults applying for a job interview reverse discrimination can play a part. The author James Rachels describes how in society reverse discrimination is constantly a factor. Giving preferential treatment to those who have been treated poorly in the past is a question James Rachels raises and defends in his writing.

In this essay, Affirmative Action is looked upon as a positive attribute to minorities as a whole. In addition, it is a stepping stone that was put into place for minorities to be able to thrive. With Affirmative Action, there are more fair opportunities for an individual other than a Caucasian male or female. Thomas Jefferson said, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are treated equally…” this was embedded in the American way of life, but are all men created equally? Minorities in America are already at a disadvantage from birth.

The official definition from Merriam-Webster for affirmative action is “ an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women ; also: a similar effort to promote the rights or progress of other disadvantaged persons” Affirmative action was first introduced in 186, after the signing of The Emancipation Proclamation, when General William T. Sherman suggested that sizeable plantations, in Georgia that were under his command, be split up and 40 acres, along with a mule be given to every family of color. He wanted this so that people, who were set free with nothing and nowhere to go, would have at least a chance of succeeding. This was met with a lot of opposition from high power