Kush Geography

The Egyptian hierarchy was like the pyramids that they built. At the very top was the pharaoh and their gods.

The River Valley Civilizations of Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, The Indus Valley, and China shared a lot of similar geographic qualities. One quality that they shared geographically is that they all have an important and major river going through them which supplies the people with water. In Egypt they have the Nile, in Mesopotamia they have the Euphrates and Tigris, the Indus Valley has the Ganges River and China has the Yellow River. With that said, they all have access to a major body of water that could be used for transportation or for trading goods. Additionally, each civilization has mountains, some more than other, but they all have them and they can be used to protection if under attack. Lastly, all of them either have steppes or deserts,

Sudan is located in Africa next to Egypt, and it lays on the red sea. It was ruled at the time between 1896-1956. Sudan was at the time a backward, non-technological, simple life before imperialism. It had a lot of rich resources such as oil, natural gas, gold, silver, copper, nickel and agriculture which were the number one goal of any imperialist country. Sudan like any colonized country suffered from a lot of good effects and bad side effects some of them were short term impact and some are long term impact.

Each person had a job that helped their city. There were many unique roles, “Here there are many doctors, judges, priests” (Doc 5). Some people were wealthier than others,”There was no person, no officer of court, or holder of any office of the Sultanate who did not receive a sum of gold from him” (Doc 4). but everyone had their role that contributed to the empire. The kings led the empires, the doctors kept people healthy, the judges maintained order, the traders helped the economy and so on. Without these roles, there would have been anarchy and chaos. Structure kept each empire together, because without it, the society would have broken down. They would’ve had to have been advanced enough to form a system and keep people in line. If everyone knew what role they had to play, it would have made it a lot easier for the

northeastern Africa in-between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Some countries that border Egypt are Sudan and Libya. The one main source of water in Ancient Egypt was the Nile River. Ancient Egypt started in 2920 B.C.E. The Nile River helped the crops in Ancient Egypt, for example, papyrus. This got me thinking, how did the Nile River shape Ancient Egypt? There were three ways the Nile shaped Ancient Egypt. They were the seasons, the geography, and their civilization.

For example, where the trade routes went across most of the whole entire world. For, trading horses, orange seeds, grape seeds, or anything popular or needed during their time made the trade routes easier so they wouldn’t have to travel all the way to go trade and get what they had needed.

Nubia and Phoenicia were both very similar places that came to existence in the same time period and lived through many similar historical events within and on the outside of their civilizations. Although they had their differences, Ancient Nubia and Phoenicia are very similar because of the commonalities within their cities, central governments, religions, jobs, classes, arts, and writing systems.

The Ancient Egyptian culture dates all the way back to 5500 BCE to the time where there were pharos that ruled the lands. Ancient Egypt is one of the very first recorded civilizations with a very distinct way of life. They have traditions that have been passed down and influenced other cultures around the world. The earliest records of Ancient Mesopotamia culture dates back to around 3100 BCE. Mesopotamia had four different empires that was included in it. Those four empires were Assyria, Akkadia, Sumer and Babylonia. The four of those empires were in the lands of what today is known as Iraq.

The Ottoman Empire came into power in 1301. The Ottomans were able to overthrow the Seljuks and after that they were able to repopulate the city and stay in power until 1922. The Ottoman rulers implemented many systems that were more helpful than harmful and allowed them to have strong loyal citizens. These systems built up their empire in crucial places. The Ottoman Empire had a strong trade and military system with religious tolerance these factors allowed them to stay in power for so long.

The Assyrians are a group of people that came from the northern part of Mesopotamia. Their flat, exposed land made them easy for other people to attack them. The empire lasted from about 850 B.C. to 612 B.C. It is believed that they may have developed their warlike behavior in response to invasions. Through constant warfare, Assyrian kings were able to eventually build an empire that stretched from east and north of the Tigris River all the way to central Egypt. The Assyrians were all in all, a powerful empire

There are four different powers. Political, economic, military, and religious are all effective in our lives. The two forms of power that have been most effective throughout history are economic and political. These two powers are important because economic power had to do with all the trade that was doing now and political power since someone had to control the land and the people.

All these countries traded with each other and they traded many types of goods. The geographic location did contribute to this trade because they all are relatively close to each other.

Askum traded with Zeila, Adulis and many more civilizations. Askum was in one of the best spots because it allowed several trade routes in major water ports where ships could enter making it so that they could import and export goods a lot easier than if they were on a land route. It is very similar to how ports today run, though today it would be a lot easier to get something from the inland to a ship on the coast because we have mail and other means of travel, back then they didn't have the sophisticated technology we have today, so they would have to use horses and other animals to get their trade to a boat or ship on the coast to trade with a country over the major waterways or sea. The major waterway the Askum had was the Red Sea. The Red Sea was connected the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. This allowed for then to trade with Arabia as well. Furthermore, they were on the trade route that connected them to the Indian Ocean allowing for trade to happen with civilizations in India. A civilization called Kilwa was connected to an east African see route that led to the Red Sea, Arabian Sea, and along the Indian Ocean. They traded animal skins gold and ivory all treated by land routes. Some of the land routes throughout African civilizations what are the routes between Zimbabwe and Mombasa, Kalwa and Zimbabwe, Askum to Zeila, and Mombasa to Safala. The African civilizations would trade things like gold, horses, different art, slaves, ivory and salt. These were very popular trading exports and some of the imports were weapons, cloths, ceramics, raw meats, iron and

The map in Document #1 shows the Phoenician's trade route across the Mediterranean Sea. They appeared on the scene with an established maritime tradition, and the technology to build ships with a keeled hull. This allowed them to sail the open seas, and as a result, the Phoenicians developed a flourishing sea trade. In the picture, you can see that the Phoenicians had many different types of products that were available to them through trade. Some of those products include; gold, copper, silver, and grain (Document #1). The Phoenicians not only imported what they needed and exported what they themselves cultivated and manufactured, but they could also transport goods such as papyrus, textiles, metals, and spices between the many civilizations with whom they had contact with. They could thus make enormous gains by selling a product with a low value for another such as tin or silver which was not itself valued by its own producers, but could fetch enormous prices

China's Shang Dynasty, roughly around 1000-2000 B.C., and Mesopotamia, around 1500 B.C. use Monarchs to control law making as well as economic distribution. In China, Emperors gain power through the mandate of heaven and conquest, while the King competes for the title of ruler through strength. Emperor’s main role in his society is to ensure protection for his citizens against foreign invaders and keeping track of the season in order to ensure plenty of food for his kingdom. On the other hand, The King of Mesopotamia serves to ensure social hierarchy, while competing for resources with other city-states. Although they have different roles within their society, there main focus is to ensure the best interest of their followers.