Lab Report On Enzyme Activity

Muscle glycogen is converted into glucose by muscle cells, and liver glycogen converts to glucose for use throughout the body including the central nervous system. Glycogen is the analogue of starch, a glucose polymer that functions as energy storage in plants. It has a structure similar to amylopectin (a component of starch), but is more extensively branched and compact than starch. Both are white powders in their dry state. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in thecytosol/cytoplasm in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle.

In the Oxidative fermentation tube the media was a differential media that helps determine whether specific bacteria can oxidize or ferment to metabolize glucose. Citrate test checks to see which bacteria could citrate as the only source of carbon. A positive test shows that an alkaline environment ia created and that the pH level rose. The color of the media changed from green to blue if its positive.

What are the similarities and difference between cellular respiration, fermentation, and photosynthesis? Well, cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert into energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP. Fermentation is a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low. Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen. The similarities are, they all make energy/food to make energy.

A line of best fit will be used to show the relationship between the glucose concentration and the amount of alpha galactosidase. Table 2: Glucose concentration based on the amount of alpha galactosidase in bean solution Amount of a-galactosidase (mL) Glucose concentration (100mg/dL) Average glucose concentration Standard Deviation Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial

These multiple biochemical reaction then triggers the movement of glucose transporter molecule in the cell membrane which allow glucose to enter the cell and be used as an energy source. Insulin also regulates the blood sugar level by causing it undergo an irreversible process called glycolysis which converts glucose into an

These two hormones produced in a

The Krebs cycle breaks the pyruvate from the glycolysis which becomes ATP. Another difference is how many ATP they each produce. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP and the Krebs cycle makes about 36 to 38 ATP. Energy metabolism is regulated by long chain fatty acids and ADP. Calcium, ADP, and NAD+ are activators.

( Brannigan,etal1995) The threonine must be N-terminal since the terminal amine of the same residue acts as a general base by polarising an ordered water which deprotonates the alcohol to increase its reactivity as a nucleophile. ( Ekici, OD 2008) Catalysis takes place in two

During this step, this energy is used to produce ATP. The acetyl CoA made in the last step combines with a four-carbon molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions, ultimately regenerating the four-carbon starting molecule. ATP, ext {NADH} NADHN, A, D, H, and text{FADH}_2FADH2F, A, D, H, start subscript, 2, end subscript are produced, and carbon dioxide is released.

Role of Enzymes in Metabolic Pathways Summary Metabolic pathways are a sequences of steps found in biochemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction [3]. Metabolic pathways most likely happen in specific locations in the cell. The control of any metabolic process depends on control of the enzymes responsible for the reactions occur in the pathways. After food is added to the body, molecules in the digestive system called enzymes break proteins down into fats into fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates into simple sugars (for example, glucose). Enzymes plays an important role in the different metabolic pathways [5].

This energy is stored as sugar (carbohydrates). Plants need light energy (CO2,H2O). Chlorophyll traps light energy to get food. Plants are also called Producers. They are the first in the food chain.

The lactic acid system manufactures ATP from the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid. ATP consists of one Adenosine molecule and three Phosphate groups.

The trials of timed intervals showed that the independent variable, time, is directly proportional to the dependent variable, amount of H2O2 used. Compared to the uncatalyzed reaction of H2O2, the enzyme-catalyzed reaction had a much faster rate of decomposition. ADD A RESOURCE/SECOND SOURCE TO COMARE TO State whether hypothesis was supported or not (DON’T RESTATE HYP). Explain the effects of the dependent variable on the independent variable Relate results to overall experience- how it furthered your knowledge in enzymes and catalyzed rxns. DON’T REPEAT RESULTS Literature Cited: Cooper, Geoffrey M. "The Central Role of Enzymes as Biological Catalysts.