CHAPTER TWO: LITERARTURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Urban Development is the science of managing and directing city growth with respects to the discipline of land utilization planning which explores a very wide range of aspects of the built and social environments. Urban development process is a highly complicated process containing various phases. As a main core of the process, urban design gives numbers of proposed plans that are called alternatives. It is worthy to mention that the decision making concerning differentiating between these alternatives is the most crucial phase of urban development process; as accordingly the adaptation and implantation of urban plans can take place. Urban projects have many problems that are surely affect the assessment processes of alternatives and therefore the choice of their best. Chapter two aims to express the terms of urban design, development alternatives, assessment processes in the field of urban planning. As shown in figure 2.1, chapter two outlines the research field of study while spotting the light on a comprehensive comparison between a numbers of famous assessment methods in urban planning in order to recognize their advantages and disadvantages. Through discussing and analyzing their complexities and problems, the main defects and gabs represented in the uncertainty and fuzziness of assessment process will be concluded by the end of this chapter, figure 2.1.
Fig. 2.1 Chapter two outline
Source: The author
2.2 Urban
The social problems that urbanization and industrialized in the late 19th century created was slums. “Forty-two men and women in a room not more than twelve feet square, and in the corner on a heap of dirty straw lay a woman with a newborn babe” (Related Document 1, pg. 275). Immigrants were living in an overcrowded tenement and having to pay high rent. They lack access to clean water for drinking, garbage and sewage system. Most of the people who live in the slums became the victim of crime and diseases.
Multiple means of assessment means feedback can be delivered in a wide range of methods, in an age and contextually appropriate and also timely, manner. Immediate, whole class discussions following exams, self-evaluations through the use of a journal or pre-made evaluation sheet, and peer feedback, which prompts a collaborative model for learning, are all feedback tools teachers can use throughout assessment in order to improve student learning (Brand, Favazza and Dalton, 2012). It is possible to use Multiple Means of Assessment in the unit ‘Place and liveability’ in a variety of ways. For one assessment task, students are asked to act as town planners. It is here that the task of the assessment can be adjusted so students have the choice to create a written report, deliver an oral report, create a visual art piece or use technology to deliver their understanding for assessment.
Cities improve due to innovation, but humans residing in them may not. The Industrial Revolution was a period in time where new inventions helped labor become less taxing and more efficient in the South. On the other hand, the North developed urban cities, which attracted many people. Urban cities had become the epitome of civilization: ease of life and wealth was present, but not available to everyone. To elaborate, these urban cities provided job opportunities to women.
Why New York City and Hong Kong are that popular? Is it because their city planning is good? In city planning, “people” is one of the most important element. Housing and Public Space matter to people’s living most. How are the two cities planned and designed to cater to the citizens? This paper aims to evaluate how Housing and Public Space are arranged in the two cities for the sake of their citizens.
Urbanization, or the growth of cities, erupted during the Industrial Revolution. Cities were a place of work, innovation, and technology. Over the course of fifty years (1850-1900) more and more people moved to the cities, which caused more and more problems in them. With these problems came solutions, and those solutions led to change. These changes could be good like movements to get cleaner water or having plumbing.
Introduction As the world’s population continues to migrate and live in urban areas, planners, engineers, and politicians have an important role to ensure that they are livable and sustainable. But what defines an urban area and what makes it so attractive? In my opinion, urban areas are places that consist of a variety of land uses and buildings, where services and amenities are easily accessible to the general public, and includes an established multimodal transportation network. Also, it should be a place where people can play, learn, work, and grow in a safe and collaborative manner.
A large factor that influenced the agricultural shift was the basis of our economy, in the late 1920’s we were transitioning from a primary farming economy to a more industrial economy and that prompted many people to move to the cities where jobs were being created faster then people could fill them. Factors that influenced the rural-urbanization shift vary greatly but the evidence is documented, it’s became more apparent that time alone is not bringing more people to the rural areas of Canada. Over the past 160 years the population of people living in rural areas, defined as areas with a population density below 400 people per square kilometre, has steadily declined. Further elaborating on the declining population, the people documented living
The element is designed based on the values of the land use elements. It also presents all topics and areas covered during the semester as presented in the analysis. The relevant topics, in this case, include land use patterns, zonal ordinance, and characters of land use. Moreover, the land use element was planned well in an adequate time frame so that everything takes place within the required time. It is also a practical and realistic element that addresses the necessities of the city.
San Diego 2020 General Plan for San Diego, California Urban planning is an integral tool for the realization of sustainable development in any city. It enables city leaders to develop not only medium, but long term goals for the city which correspond with the collective vision of the city as a whole and within the resource pool available to the city. Planning also assists in utilizing municipal budgets to the maximum. This is achieved by balancing growth demands with the desire to conserve the environment through informing service investments and the infrastructure of the city. By spreading economic development in the city appropriately, social objectives are able to be met and in so doing, a collaborative framework between the general public,
Table of Contents Task 3 1.0 Intorduction 4 2.0 Methods of Research 5 3.0 Statement of Findings 6-12 3.1 Population Growth and Urban Sprawl in Brisbane 6 & 7 3.2 Transport habits and trends 8 & 9 3.3 Major infrastructure Development 10 3.4 Air Quality of Brisbane 11 & 12 4.0 Evaluation of Strategies 13 & 14 5.0 Conclusion 15 6.0 Bibliography 16 & 17 TASK “In 2031, through strong partnerships with other levels of government, business and education institutions, Brisbane will grow and deliver a prosperous economy for its citizens. Brisbane will be regarded as a top ten lifestyle city worldwide. Students, businesses, researchers, innovators and entrepreneurs from all over the world will want to live, study and work here.”
People wonder why there are luxury buildings being built in poor communities. There are people out here in this world that don’t understand why the low income people move in those buildings if it’s in their community. As we American citizen have been living through the hazard of others over buying our homes and or having homes removed to another area by the government. Gentrification should be slowed down because demolishing small business and homes to build a big corporation, and condos to make more money should not be done. The government is supposed to help the people whose buildings that are being torn down to have the low income class buildings be renewed.
What if urban sprawl is worse than we thought it would be. Urban sprawl is the movement of cities outward into the natural land. People think that urban sprawl is bad for our environment because it leads to more pollution and transportation usage. Other people think that urban sprawl is bad because it disturbs the natural land and animal habitats. Some people even think urban sprawl is good, because we can build more buildings and that means more jobs.
INTRODUCTION URBAN LAND USED SYSTEM Urban land use system means the system which manages the land area in urban cities. The land in urban areas should plan very well to mitigate the issues that arise in the future. Planning of buildings, roads, highways, rail ways, ports, stations and flyovers has to be planned under this system. It is very important to plan the urban land properly by placing the infrastructures in the proper places because wrong management plans will creates huge cost for the economy.
The research need, aim, question, objectives and an outline of the overall research design are summarised. The chapter concludes by outlining the overall structure of the dissertation. 1.1 The Nature of Architecture as a Profession To understand the significance of role of client and critical impact of architect- client relationship in the design process, one needs to first understand the nature of architecture as a professional activity. Architecture has been described as a combination of art as well as craftsmanship, social science as well as engineering.
“FGHI is a newly resettled urban colony in a big city in India. Most of the inhabitants were engaged in various informal economic sectors in their prior area of habitation. As they were made to resettle in a distant place located at the periphery of the city, many people got disengaged from their previous occupations. They are still searching for suitable employment or entrepreneurship opportunities.