Midazolam
Background: Adjuncts to local anaesthetics for brachial plexus block may enhance the quality and duration of analgesia. Midazolam, a water-soluble benzodiazepine, is known to produce antinociception and enhance the effect of local anaesthetics when given epidurally or intrathecally. Aim: Study was to assess the effect of Midazolam added to brachial plexus block by supraclavicular approach. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, single blinded study was conducted on 100 ASA Grade I or II adult patients undergoing upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group B (n = 50) Bupivacaine and Group BM (n = 50) Bupivacaine with Midazolam. The onset time …show more content…
They achieve near-ideal operating conditions by producing complete muscular relaxation, maintaining stable intra-operative haemodynamics and the associated sympathetic block. The sympathetic block decreases postoperative pain, vasospasm and edema. Of various local anaesthetics, Bupivacaine is used most frequently, as it has a long duration of action varying from 3 to 8 hours1-4. However there are many limiting factors like delayed onset, patchy or incomplete analgesia, sometimes short duration etc. Various drugs like Neostigmine, Opioids, Hyaluronidase, and Clonidine etc.1-4 have been added to local anaesthetics in order to modify the block in terms of quick onset, good quality, prolonged duration and post-operative analgesia. But these are not without adverse systemic effects or of doubtful efficacy. Midazolam, a water-soluble benzodiazepine is known to produce antinociception and to enhance the effect of local anaesthetic when given epidurally or intrathecally. Midazolam produces this effect by its action on Gamma Amino Butyric Acid-A (GABA-A) receptors. GABA receptors have also been found in peripheral nerves. So the present study is being undertaken in a randomized single blinded manner to evaluate the onset time and analgesic efficacy of Midazolam- Bupivacaine combination compared to plain Bupivacaine (0.375%) for brachial plexus block by supraclavicular
Rhea And Reynaldo: Article Analysis
170 Words | 1 PagesParacetamol, codeine, lorazepam are three commonly use drugs among population (Rhea and Reynaldo 391). Abuse of different medication show different effects on a person, and many people die because of drug abuse. Nevertheless,
Salbutamol
642 Words | 3 PagesBasic pharmacology of agent used in the treatment of asthma Pharmacodynamics about Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN), a moderately selective beta (2)-receptor agonist similar in structure to terbutaline, is widely used as a bronchodilator to manage asthma and other chronic obstructive airway diseases. The R-isomer, levalbuterol, is responsible for bronchodilation while the S-isomer increases bronchial reactivity. The R-enantiomer is sold in its pure form as Levalbuterol. The manufacturer of levalbuterol, Sepracor, has implied (although not directly claimed) that the presence of only the R-enantiomer produces fewer side-effects. Mechanism of action Salbutamol is a beta (2)-adrenergic agonist and thus it stimulates beta (2)-adrenergic receptors.
Non Opioid Analgesic Essay
473 Words | 2 PagesQuestionable methods of pain relief have been practiced on this planet since the stone ages. Luckily, modern advancements in medicine have granted us safe and quick options for relieving pain. Analgesics, often referred to as painkillers, are drugs that work by targeting the peripheral and central nervous systems. They are important because they are responsible for alleviating our headaches, body aches, fever, and inflammation. Non-opioid analgesics include acetaminophen and non- steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin; they are typically used for mild pain.
Herpes Zoster Essay
528 Words | 3 PagesThe SAP block primarily the thoracic intercostal nerves and to provide anterior hemithorax as arising from the anterior axillary line to the sternum, the posterior hemithorax as being from the posterior axillary line to the spinous processes of the vertebra, and the lateral hemithorax as the area in between the other two. Here we describe the use of ultrasound (US)-guided SAP block to treat acute, severe zoster-associated
Opioid Case Study
1301 Words | 6 PagesThis helps provide more patient centered care. Guidelines to follow after opioid administration will vary by hospital but it is still necessary to use sedation scales with acceptable measures of reliability and validity for pain management. The use of sedation scales should be used with consistent monitoring of respirations. Pasero (2009) emphasizes that a comprehensive evaluation of respiratory status that includes depth, regularity, rate, and noisiness of respiration in addition to sedation assessment is essential to decision making during opioid administration for pain management. Respirations should be counted for a full minute while the patient is at rest in a quiet and relaxed environment.
Patients Informed Consent
515 Words | 3 PagesPatients evaluated in acute pain will often have narcotics withheld until after the patient has been evaluated by a surgeon and has given informed consent. Concern that the patient would have impaired judgment due to narcotic effects often prevents the administration of timely pain relief. Similarly administration of anxiolytics and benzodiazepines are avoided until the patient has consented to the procedure. As there is a considerable heterogeneity in the metabolism of a particular drug depending on age and patient characteristics, there is no specific timeline of how long should one wait prior to getting consent if these medications are given accidentally.
Post-Ept Case Studies
572 Words | 3 PagesThe patient underwent 10 treatments with right unilateral electrode placement and a stimulus dose of 35%. Anaesthesia consisted of propofol, 80-90mg; succinylcholine 50-60mg was used as a paralytic. Upon awakening during the first 8 treatments, Miss T was extremely agitated, restless and confused. This lasted up to 60 minutes and required 7 staff to maintain the safety of herself and others. Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) score was +3 or +4 every treatment.
Affordable Pain Assessment
434 Words | 2 PagesWe all know that pain is usually one of the major complaint of patients with chronic problems or those recovering post operatively thereby making pain evaluation a fundamental requisite in the outcome assessment during hospital visits. Interpreting the data from a pain assessment scale is not as straightforward as it may seem since the provider must consider the intensity, related disability, duration, and affect to define the pain and its effects on the patient (Williamson & Hoggart, 2005). Pain rating scales are used in the clinical settings to measure pain and these include Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), Numerical/numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (Haefeli & Elfering, 2006). Each scale is unique on its own in terms of sensitivity and simplicity that generates data that can be statistically analyzed for audit purposes. The EHR in our hospital utilizes the three rating scales mentioned as part of the pain assessment tool to measure pain that sets the tone for the direction of the type of pain management will .be given to the
Opioids Persuasive Speech
689 Words | 3 PagesHuman beings generally always want to avoid pain. Whether it be emotional or physical, we try to find ways to relieve and/or replace discomfort with some comfort. Physicians and other healthcare professionals are faced with patients daily who want most if not all of their pain taken away. To address this concern, doctors can prescribe painkillers to help alleviate some of the pain. However, those painkillers, specifically opioids, are becoming a problem as they are being abused and people are becoming addicted to them.
Procedural Dressing Change
1178 Words | 5 PagesAmong those criteria mentioned above the intravenous medications, such as IV opioids, are well suited to fulfill the requirements. However, IV opioids have its drawbacks in that some patients may require such high doses of analgesia that there will be increased risk of respiratory arrest and loss of consciousness. These issues can be problematic in the early dressings change of superficial burns, while patient needs more frequent dressing change. In these cases, general anesthesia is the better solution to save the patient from
Postoperative Endodontic Pain
931 Words | 4 PagesUnfortunately, root canal therapy is still perceived by many as a standard against for painful experiences. This is like a two-edged sword. Because patients are expecting pain, it often makes their pain management more difficult. On the other hand, advances in local anesthesia and modern pharmacology allow dental practitioners to deal effectively with the patient experiencing odontogenic pain and, in most cases, exceed their expectations (Marshall 2002). Endodontic pain management encompasses all phases of treatment, preoperative pain control includes accurate diagnosis with anxiety reduction protocol, intraoperative pain control revolves around effective local anesthetic with good operative techniques, and postoperative pain management can involve a variety of pharmacologic agents (Keiser & Hargreaves
Have Tonsils Persuasive Speech
825 Words | 4 PagesWhat are tonsils? The tonsils are tissue masses that are found at the point where the mouth and throat meet. There is one tonsil on each side of the throat.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
357 Words | 2 PagesThe etiology of PONV is multifactorial during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, therefore, combination of different classes of anti-emetics are preferred to control PONV, [6] [7] [205,206] including anticholinergics, antihistamines, butyrophenones, benzamide, dexamethasone and 5-HT3 antagonists. Ondansetron, 5- hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, blocks receptors in the CTZ as well as vagal nerve terminals. Dexamethasone has been used as an anti-emetic for a long time with limited adverse effect. The exact anti-emetic mechanism of dexamethasone is unknown, but it is thought to enhance the anti-emetic effect of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists [8] [208] that is central/peripheral inhibition of production of 5-HT, central inhibition of synthesis of prostaglandins, changes in permeability of the blood brain barrier to plasma proteins, or by releasing endorphins.[9]
Liposuction Research Paper
1644 Words | 7 PagesThe procedure is usually performed under local anesthetic so that the patient does not experience aim during the procedure but can also resume normal activities immediately after undergoing the
Cardiovascular Agents Dentistry
882 Words | 4 PagesDuring routine procedures the use of lidocaine is indicated. It is important to know when this analgesic can lead to systemic problems . It is understood that the degree of adverse effects in the CNS and cardiovascular system are directly related to the blood levels of lidocaine. Myocardial effects include
More about Midazolam
Rhea And Reynaldo: Article Analysis
170 Words | 1 PagesSalbutamol
642 Words | 3 PagesNon Opioid Analgesic Essay
473 Words | 2 PagesHerpes Zoster Essay
528 Words | 3 PagesOpioid Case Study
1301 Words | 6 PagesPatients Informed Consent
515 Words | 3 PagesPost-Ept Case Studies
572 Words | 3 PagesAffordable Pain Assessment
434 Words | 2 PagesOpioids Persuasive Speech
689 Words | 3 PagesProcedural Dressing Change
1178 Words | 5 PagesPostoperative Endodontic Pain
931 Words | 4 PagesHave Tonsils Persuasive Speech
825 Words | 4 PagesLaparoscopic Cholecystectomy
357 Words | 2 PagesLiposuction Research Paper
1644 Words | 7 PagesCardiovascular Agents Dentistry
882 Words | 4 Pages