Neuroscience Concept Map

The nervous system is the body's decision and communication center. The central nervous system (CNS) is made of the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are made of nerves. The brain is made of three main parts which are the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The midbrain consists of the tectum and tegmentum.

The diencephalon, alongside the cerebrum make up the two major divisions of the forebrain. The main structures of the diencephalon include the hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus (including the pineal gland), and also the subthalamus. Moreover, located within the diencephalon is found the third ventricle, which is one of the four brain ventricles or cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The function of the diencephalon is to relay sensory information between brain regions and control many autonomic functions of the peripheral nervous system.

The Limbic System The brain is a very complicated organ consisting of two halves known as hemispheres. There is a left hemisphere, which controls the right side of the body, and a right hemisphere which controls the left side of the body. Another way that the brain is classified in is lobes. There are four lobes that the brain consists of, the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the temporal lobe.

The endocannabinoid system with its complex actions in our immune system, immune system and the body’s entire organ, is a bridge between body and mind. Furthermore, the cannabinoids not only regulate our internal and cellular homeostasis but it is also influences an individual relationship with their external environment. Socially, cannabinoids alter human behavior, often promoting sharing, creativity and humour (TruthOnPot.com,

Making radical shifts gives us an indication that the brain could be termed as a pacemaker within us, as it controls what we do. Furthermore, genes and the brain have quite similar functions to carry out, which is giving out instructions to us, so in that regard both could be termed as pacemakers. The term pacemaker is indeed a very complex term and not as simple as it

How the cerebellum controls movement in an individual by telling the muscles what to do at every step. We also see how how the brain communicates by sending electric signals all around the body. Various diseases caused by brain damage is also covered and how this affects our memories; long term and short

Overall, capgras delusion is a very serious psychological disorder that can range from acute or a very serious chronic case. Even though capgras is proven to be helped with antipsychotic drugs or therapy, it is still difficult to completely understand the human brain and the affect it can have on people. Scientists are still researching capgras delusions and many other psychological disorders to help better understand our bodies, and to maybe eventually be able to completely cure these

1.Spinal cord - is a long, and tubular shaped structure that contains nervous tissue and cells located at the end of the brainstem and continues down to the bottom of the vertebral column.  It used to connect the peripheral nervous system and the brain. It acts as sensory system and transmitted message to the brain. 2.Conus medullaris - is a tapered structure that located in the most distal part of the spinal cord and end with filum terminale. 3.Cauda equina - It makes of spinal nerves and spinal nerve root that located near the first lumbar vertebra of spinal cord.

Through studying MS, researchers are finding ways to better protect our Myelin against attacks such as through a process called remyelination. Recent studies have led many scientists to believe that CD8+ T cells, whose job is to protect good cells and kill dangerous ones, play a role in the myelin damage. However, more research is needed to learn more about MS and what causes it. Not all studies agree that DD8+ cells cause the attacks, but instead some think that they tone down the attacks. Overall, there is many answers for scientists to find.

The auditory nerve, much like the optic nerve of the visual system is composed of ganglion cell fibers. In the case of the auditory system, these fibers originate from ganglion cells in the spiral of the cochlea.112 The fibers of the auditory nerve carry signals to the brainstem where they then synapse with neurons within the cochlear nucleus. Information from the left ear is transmitted to the left cochlear nucleus and information from the right ear to the right nucleus, however, much like in the visual system, many of the fibers that leave the cochlear nucleus cross over to deliver signals to the contralateral side of the brain.112 The area of the brainstem that is believed to process information about where sounds are coming from, the superior olive to be exact, receives input from fibers on both sides of the nucleus.112 The auditory system differs from the visual system in that in the auditory system, the cochlea is unable to produce an exact placement of the location of a stimulus, whereas the retina, within the visual system, can directly identify where a stimulus originates.114 This, again, is where the superior olive comes into play computing very small time differences between the signals that arrive in each of the

The medulla oblongata is located between the pons and spinal cord. This structure is responsible for basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. The midbrain is involved in functions such as vision, hearing, eye movement, and body movement. The pons are involved in motor control and sensory analysis. For example, information from the ear first enters the brain in the pons.

The hypothalamus communicates to each lobe differently. The hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract system is the specific way the hypothalamus communicates with the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It is a nervous system connection with direct connecting neurons. The neurons are located in the hypothalamus and then axons extend down to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The neurons produce hormones that slide down the axons and end up in the posterior lobe.

The brain is the control centre for the nervous system The nervous system is split into two; -central nervous system; *brain *spinal cord -peripheral nervous system; *sensory division- informs the central nervous system of outer changes *somatic division- sends instructions of movement to different muscles *autonomic division- controls the running of inner organs -autonomic nervous system -somatic nervous system

Those impulses are turned into sound in the brain. 5. Name and describe the major structures of the middle ear. The middle ear contains three tiny bones known as the ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes.