Orthostatic Hypotension

Decreased Cardiac Output Vera (2013) asserted that decreased cardiac output may be related to valvular defects, altered myocardial contractility, and alterations in a person's heart rate and rhythm, and electrical conduction. This may also be evidenced by diaphoresis, extra heart sounds, increased heart rate, chest pain, edema, and decreased urine output (Vera, 2013). Ultimately, the patient is expected to display vital signs with acceptable limits, and he is also expected to have decreased episodes of dyspnea and angina, and a reduced cardiac workload (Vera, 2013). Deficient Knowledge Vera (2013) believed that deficient knowledge may be related to how a patient lacks understanding about the relationship of cardiac function and failure. This is evidenced by questioning and recurrent episodes of heart failure.

Finally, the nurse would get a set of vital signs from Mr. O’Brien as he is standing a few minutes after the second set and record these vital signs. Mr. O’Brien’s vital signs dropped a little bit from his first to second but only a little bit. There was a big drop in his last vital signs which were great enough to fall into the definition of Orthostatic Hypotension as stated, Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg within three minutes of standing compared with blood pressure from the sitting or supine position. (Schimke, L., & Schimke, J.,

Blood tests and a computed tomography (CT) scan quickly revealed this was not the case. However, blood tests showed signs of hyponatremia. Too much water intake may lead to acute hyponatremia Hyponatremia is a medical situation caused by unusually low levels of sodium - lower than 134 millimoles per liter. Acute hyponatremia, which develops in with in 2days, is regarded an emergency, as it can have fatal neurological outcomes. Seriously low levels of sodium can result in cerebral edema with enhanced levels of intracranial pressure and brain herniation.

The numerous negative reviews of the product also outline numerous Relacore dangers including the product’s propensity to give rise to flu-related symptoms including headaches and nausea. Other possible side-effects include unstable blood pressure, dizziness, insomnia, acne, and, ironically, weight gain. By relying heavily on Relacore, a dieter might end up gaining more weight since the product might not turn out to be an effective fat burner. The other potential side effects might come about as a result of a dieter’s sensitivity to Relacore’s proprietary

Further, many of them experience mental dysfunction and memory deficit (Asplund et al., 1998). These problems become more severe due to lack of medical care at high

Progressive reduction in body temperature leads to adverse clinical effects ranging from mild metabolic stress to death4. At birth, the newly born infant is suddenly exposed to a wet and cold environment and responds by increasing heat production and attempts to conserve heat by cutaneous vasoconstriction. These responses begin within a matter of minutes and can persist for many hours5. In the absence of thermal protection, the newborn may lose considerable heat, resulting in a drop of the infant's body temperature at a rate of 0.2 to 1.0 °C min−1.

The atrial flutter was causing the heart to beat faster, which decreased the time available for the left ventricle to fill with blood, causing a decrease in cardiac output. This is evident by the confusion, and increased need for oxygen. The patients son reported that the patient had begun using oxygen throughout the day when, normally, she was only using it at night. The left ventricle, contracting abnormally, started having blood flow back into the lungs, increasing the after load of the right ventricle. Increased pressure in the arterioles, surrounding the alveoli, causes leaking to occur and deposit fluid into the alveoli.

Fact. Drinking too much fluid can lead to hyponatremia, a condition that occurs when the level of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Symptoms include confusion, headaches, nausea and bloating. In severe cases, hyponatremia can lead to seizures, organ failure and even death. Are you at risk for hyponatremia?

Moreover, physiological changes in the body such as reduction in absorption, distribution, excretion of medication might affect the action of medication and causes damages or toxicity in elderly. Likewise, several contributing factors which causes polypharmacy in adults, is visiting several physicians for a certain health problem and not sticking to one which increases the rate of using multiple medication as well as, administering medication to treat adverse effect increases the usage of different medication, prolonged use of unwanted medication and lastly, unclear or incomprehensible written documentation. Clinical consequences of polypharmacy include, adverse drug reaction which include NSAIDS, anticoagulant and CVD medications, drug-drug interaction where the drug effect changes in the body when using second or third drug that can delay action of medication and non-adherence to medication in elderly which is not following or unable stick to drug regimen, lack of communication between provider and patient and patient's believe that treatment is unnecessary. Finally, nurse's role is important to reduce the incidence of polypharmacy where educating patient and family member can help in reduction of mortality, morbidity and geriatric syndrome. Education include, potential side

Introduction In order to understand why biomechanics plays a significant role in the management of the diabetic foot one needs to understand what the diabetic foot is. The diabetic foot is often referred to as an at risk foot.3This is due to the various complications that can arise within in a diabetic foot. These complications are associated with the pathophysiological process that occurs in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. In general complications seen in the diabetic foot are related to the inadequate supply of either the vascular system, neurological system or a combination of both systems.1 Figure 1 below explains how various predisposing factors interact

A fall is defined as moving downward, in a rapid and freely without control from a higher position to a lower position. There are many contributing factors that increase the risk of falls including age, medications, disease and changes in environmental needs. This paper contains an overall assessment of fall prevention including current protocols in place to decrease the incident of falls and barriers to overcome. Included will be evidence based research that on the current standards in place for fall prevention and where there are improvements to be made. The incident of falls has an overall impact on the cost of healthcare and with fall prevention measures the decrease can be

After reviewing W.A.’s presentation, what organ systems do you suspect are involved and why? Heart, kidneys, bladder Heart: The BNP level in W.A.’s blood was above normal. A high value of BNP in the blood may show early heart failure in people on kidney dialysis. She also has +2 pitting edema and Crackles in bilateral lower lobes and shortness of breath. As heart failure gets worse, fluid starts to build up in your lungs and other

Factors that affect gas exchange include high altitudes and hypoventilation (reduced CO2 in the blood). In the dependent regions where perfusion is the greatest older patients have a decrease in pulmonary blood flow and diffusion. A chronic condition like COPD put these patients at a higher risk for hypoxia (decreased amount of oxygen reaching the tissues). Other patient and people at risk for impaired gas exchange include, smokers, obesity, and long periods of immobility (Gulanick & Myers 2014). Assessing a patient for impaired gas exchange a nurse can assess respirations, noting the rhythm, depth, breathing effort, and use of accessory muscles.

“Fatigued: A Case on Blood” 1. The values collected from a CBC can reveal a great deal of information about a patient’s health. This information can be broken down into three broad categories, which are listed below. For each of these categories, list all of the CBC values that would provide information on that aspect of the patient’s health. OXYGENATION STATUS (oxygen-carrying capacity): Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, RBC count, Mean RBC volume IMMUNE STATUS (signs of infection, allergy, immune suppression): Neutrophils, Basophils, WBC count HEMOSTASIS (blood clotting): Platelets 2. Review the measurements in the CBC.

The Patient Assessment is one of if not the most important skill and tool in the in the career of an Emergency Medical Technician. EMS stands for Emergency Medical Services this is like the genus or the foundation and Paramedic, Advance Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT), and Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) are like the spices. Each of these spices has different ranges of the skills they are allowed to perform but each one has to go through one common step and that is the Patient Assessment. There are five steps to the Patient Assessment those steps are Scene size-up, Primary assessment, History taking, Secondary assessment, and Reassessment. Step One: Scene size-up 1.