For as long as I can remember, as soon as I complete a written work, the first person to review it is often my mother. Due to years of academic and professional experience, she is an excellent writer and an even better editor. However, there is one point of semantics on which we simply cannot seem to agree, and which leads to a heated argument almost every time it appears in my work: the gender-neutral, third-person pronoun. When my mother was in high school, the de facto pronoun for unspecified gender was ‘he/she’ and its conjugations – for example, “Every student did his or her homework.” In my generation, this pronoun has been replaced with the controversial ‘they’: “Every student did their homework.” This usage of ‘they’ always irks my …show more content…
In short, a prescriptivist believes that effective communication in a given language may be achieved only by strictly adhering to centralized rules. Conversely, a descriptivist believes that so long as a sentence is able to convey its intended message, it is a correct usage of language. I am staunchly of the belief that prescriptivism in the English language is unfeasible, if not downright dangerous. As the language of one of the world’s dominant ideologies, attempting to fit the ever-changing shape of English into strict boundaries is not only ineffective, but likely impossible. Now, with the advent of the Internet, entire generations of anglophones are experiencing an ‘awokening’, and a wave of neologisms, neopronouns, and obscure-yet-somehow- universally-understood meme references is on the horizon. Soon, it will become unavoidable for grammaticists to note that there is no one way to speak English properly. Once that happens, perhaps then society will take note as …show more content…
Even more contemporarily, the term ‘Orwellian’ has emerged to mean “tyrannical surveillance state”, in reference to exactly one of George Orwell’s works. If an English-speaking culture was entirely unfamiliar with the Greek myth of Hercules or Nineteen Eighty-Four, then the references contained in these words would be entirely meaningless. Yet, due to a general consensus of familiarity with these works, English prescriptivists have gradually accepted the words as valid. Similarly, prescriptivists must learn that “...Adam!”, spoken in imitation of the source Vine, is an expression of shock at betrayal, and that common English words can pick up new meanings seemingly overnight. To ‘cuff’ someone has transformed in meaning, for example, from ‘arrest’ to ‘enter a relationship with’. Just as most literate English-speakers are expected to be aware of the classic literature which has spawned new words, most internet-savvy English speakers are expected to be well-versed in meme culture. In the coming generations, when the majority is fluent in online parlance, meme references will serve as an effective language, just as references to Greek and Roman mythology served William Shakespeare and his audiences in the Middle Ages. The printing press was to the past as the “post” button will be to the
These circumstances echo the lengths regimes such as Hitler’s Nazi Party and Stalin’s Russian regime went through to maintain control. It is therefore no surprise that Newspeak is an integral political device used in the manipulation of both law + fact. Orwell’s use of Emphatic Spartan diction ‘the chosen lie would pass into the permanent records and become truth” promulgates the obfuscation process that the Party goes through to make history unclear, and thus irrefutable through the lack of evidence and certifiable documentation. EFFECT +
Orwell presents this by the limitation in vocab, (ENGLISH), or Newspeak. Newspeak is a reduced form of coercion. It prevents general thoughts a free thinking “Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought”, (PAGE 52), Big Brother forbids the lack of knowledge the citizens might have against the gov’t , therefore, replacing words such as bad to ungood conceals out the negativity. Big Brother uses so the party members won’t perceive him as something bad.
George Orwell’s 1984 is a precautionary tale of what happens when the government has too much control in our lives. The protagonist, Winston Smith, is at odds in a world in which he is not allowed to counter the government’s surveillance and control. Perhaps more striking is the noticeable relationship between the novel and modern society. In George Orwell’s novel 1984 the book predicts the surveillance of Big Brother in modern day societies.
The rapid expansion of technological growth is immersing our culture. The Nathan Jurgenson’s “The IRL Fetish”, argues that people have weird obsessions about the offline. Technological advances allow people to experience the online, but Jurgenson realizes that people are also fetishizing the movement against the online. People and novelists who complain the online world laments, “Writer after writer laments the loss of a sense of disconnection, of boredom (now redeemed as a respite from anxious info-cravings) …” (Jurgenson 127).
This case is similar to events in author George Orwell’s lifetime, which caused him to pen his novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four. He had similar thoughts towards a totalitarian-style
Valerie Nea Ms. Chang Honors English August 17, 2016 In what way is George Orwell’s 1984 relevant (or irrelevant) for today’s world? George Orwell 's novel “1984” describes a dystopian future set 38 years from its time of writing (1946). Orwell created his vision of the future not by inventing a new world, but by showing already existing conditions.
Living through the first half of the twentieth century, George Orwell watched the rise of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, Spain, and the Soviet Union. Fighting in Spain, he witnessed the brutalities of the fascists and Stalinists first hand. His experiences awakened him to the evils of a totalitarian government. In his novel 1984, Orwell paints a dark and pessimistic vision of the future where society is completely controlled by a totalitarian government. He uses symbolism and the character’s developments to show the nature of total power in a government and the extremes it will go through to retain that power by repressing individual freedom and the truth.
George Orwell was an English novelist and journalist best known for his dystopian novel 1984 which was based on totalitarianism. Winston Smith, an employee in the Records Department for the Ministry of Truth and protagonist of this story, lives a life characterized by rebellion and hatred for the Party. His doubts for the Party’s actions and its control on truth begins to take a journey of discrete insurrection and the meeting of Julia, a young woman with cunning spirit and a worker at the Fiction Department. The plot rises as both of them have corresponding views on the Party; in this particular excerpt, George Orwell establishes antsy with this situation as Winston and Julia are caught by the Thought Police. Orwell’s use of repetition, details
Sung-hune, Kang Eleanor Surridge English 11 HL 30 November 2015 Embodiment of language in dystopia Dystopian novels presents to the readers of an unpleasant society, in which is often convinced to be utopian and authors take in consideration of many factors to construct a dystopian novel. Most often, the authors of future dystopian novels exert themselves to using factors such as satire in which, draws the readers to think about their society in contrast to the novel. In presenting such satirical aspect, language becomes a key factor that emphasizes what the author may illustrate. In the future dystopian novel ‘1984’ by George Orwell and ‘Oryx and Crake’ by Margaret Atwood makes significant use of such language and their role, presenting the satirical aspects of a dystopian novel.
This demonstrates the extent to which propaganda exists in order to brainwash innocent citizens within democratic and totalitarian societies. For modern readers, the extent of restriction and invasion of privacy illustrated within ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ is less shocking than for traditional readers, as Edward Snowden’s exposure of the American National Security Agencies unauthorised surveillance of the masses, is similar to the conduct of the Party. Modern readers are used to being watched through CCTV. However, contemporary readers would have been aware of the power of dictators in Nazi Germany and Stalin’s Russia, and would have noticed the publication year of the novel, coincided with the establishment of the Communist Party rule in China, in 1949.
William Shakespeare and George Orwell are two of the most iconic authors of all time. Although living in different conditions and time periods, both of their works show similarities in exploring human nature and defining humanity. Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Orwell’s 1984 both explore the human traits in different storylines and styles, but for a similar purpose. Not only do both pieces of literature deeply explore the themes of power and control, but also other aspects of human life such as fear and paranoia. By doing this in each author’s storyline, they connect with the values and beliefs of their readers.
Nowadays, we live in a democratic state, in which we can express ourselves, to act and to protest if we do not comply with the laws. We can move freely, without being anxious that we will be denounced to the police for breaking the rules. In ‘1984’ by George Orwell the situation is different: Big Brother is watching you, the Thought Police could be ubiquitous, even your children accuse you.
In 1949, a man predicted the domination of citizens by the totalitarian government and their custom of technologies to dictate the society. His name is George Orwell, a well-known British author, who wrote one of the most famous dystopian novels, 1984. The novel 1984 illustrates the totalitarian society and the life of Winston Smith, who works at the Ministry of truth and his humiliation by the party of the country, Oceania. George Orwell’s exaggeration and mockery of the totalitarian governments in the novel 1984 is now turning out to be one of the nightmare come true in our modern society.
In Politics and the English Language, Orwell writes, “In certain types of writing, particularly in art criticism and literary criticism, it is normal to come across long passages which are almost completely lacking in meaning. Words like romantic, plastic, values, human, dead, sentimental, natural, vitality, as used in art criticism, are strictly meaningless, in the sense that they not only do not point to any discoverable object, but are hardly ever expected to do so by the reader” (Language that Manipulates, 238). Orwell asks the reader to evaluate a scenario in order to point out one or more of the ways society takes words for granted. Orwell carefully exaggerates the issue of vocabulary apprehension and usage, thereby drawing light to the impending consequences of a seemingly small societal issue.
In 1976, an idea that would eventually become a worldwide cultural phenomenon was conceived. Interestingly, the term “meme” was coined by British biologist Richard Dawkins before the invention of the internet, and was defined as “ideas that guide human behavior.” The word was derived from the greek mimema (that which is imitated) which Dawkins shortened to rhyme with the word gene (Mondschein). Initially, it was used in evolutionary biology to compare the passing of genes onto next generations to the passing of memes-- cultural and social behaviors-- onto the next generation (Schrempp). However, today, memes come to represent a more nuanced idea that resonates deeply with younger, especially teenage, generations.