Prunus Cersioside Research

2. Experimental

2.1. Materials and Methods

The gum Prunus cerasoides (PC) were collected from Mizoram, India. The drug sample Diclofenac sodium (DS) was gifted by Kowsik Pharmaceuticals, Chennai, India. Sodium alginate (SA) was purchased from SD Fine Chemicals Limited, Mumbai, India. Calcium chloride was bought from Research Lab Fine Chem Industries, Mumbai, India. In this study all chemicals and reagents were used analytical grade.

2.2. Purification Method for Prunus Cerasosides Gum

The Prunus Cerasoides crude powdered gum was dissolved and boiled using 80 % ethanol solution to deactivate enzyme and remove low molecular weight carbohydrates and colouring matter. Thereafter, it was dispensed with sufficient quantity of deionized water and stirring

The sample was made into powdered followed by added with IR grade potassium bromide powder weight ratio of 1:100 then get triturated. Thereafter the pellet was prepared to press using a hydrostatic press at a pressure of 10 tons for 5 min. The prepared pellet was fitted in the sample holder and scanned from 4000 to 400 cm-1 at a resolution of 4 cm-1.

2.9. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

The DSC curve of pure DS, PC, PC-SA beads and DS loaded PC-SA combined beads were recorded using a Perkin Elmer instrument (Pyris, DSC 600, Japan). Weighed quantity of sample (2-4 mg) was taken into a 50μl aluminium pan in a hermetically sealed condition. The measurements were done by the atmosphere of nitrogen (20 ml/min) the temperature was maintained between 25 °C and 400 ° C at a heating rate of 10°C/min. Platinum crucible with alpha alumina powder was used as reference.

2.10. TG/DTG

The thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curve of PC, DS, PC-SA beads and DS loaded PC-SA combined beads were recorded by using a TGA 4000 (Perkin Elmer, USA). Samples were heated from 35°C to 950 °C, at a heating rate of 20° C/min, under nitrogen atmosphere (flow rate of 20 ml/min), in open aluminium pans containing about 5 mg of beads

Analysis of in vitro drug release kinetics and mechanism

The in vitro drug release data of diclofenac sodium loaded PC-SA combined beads were evaluated kinetically using various mathematical models like zero order, first order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas model.[ Nayak et al., 2011; Pal et al., 2011]

Zero-order model: F = K0 t (1)

Where the F denotes the fraction of drug released in time t, and K0 is the apparent release rate constant or zero-order release constant.

First-order model : ln (1 − F ) = −K1 t (2)

Where the F denotes the fraction of drug released in time t, and K1 is the first-order release constant.

Higuchi model: F = KH t1/2 (3)

Where the F denotes the fraction of drug released in time t, and KH is the Higuchi dissolution constant.

Korsmeyer-Peppas model: F = KP tn (4)

Where the F denotes the fraction of drug released in time t, KP is the rate constant and n is the release exponent, this shows the drug release mechanism.

2.15. Statical