Response To Intervention: Annotated Bibliography

Response to intervention is an approach to proving services and intervention to students who are struggling to learn at cumulative levels of intensity. RTI is used at many schools to assess, plan for, screen, and provide interventions for any student that is at risk of school failure due to behavior and academic needs. RTI is an initiative that takes place in the general education environment and also makes the decision whether instruction needs to be modified. Just like any other approach RTI has pros and cons. One pro of the RTI is that it requires very little educational disruption for testing. Other pros of RTI include being able to apply it to students of any age, not entailing a student to be failing for a significant period of time

One of the things that has been a struggle for me over the years is the slowness of my reading and the process of absorbing written materials. I was always a bad speller and had a

Many children at school are capable of hiding their learning difficulties by steering clear from reading aloud or writing very little (Reid 2013, p13).Not to mention, the Report of the Task force on Dyslexia (2001) states learning difficulties from dyslexia occurs across the lifespan of a person and can vary from mild to severe at different ages (Report of the Task Force on Dyslexia, 2001). It is extremely vital for teachers to be fully aware and trained in the area of dyslexia. Teacher’s use of differentiation in their subjects in the classroom is a strong fundamental in order to meet the needs of a student with a learning difficulty like

Bradley, R., Danielson, L., & Doolittle, J. (2005). Response to intervention. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38(6), 485-486.

“Children know how to learn in more ways than we know how to teach them.”

29). Learning disabilities, as defined by the National Center for Learning Disabilities (2014), are "neurological differences in brain structure and function and affect a person 's ability to receive, store, process, retrieve or communicate information" (p. 3). Furthermore, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (2004) defines a learning disability as a disorder that affects one or more of the basic processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written. Students receiving special education services under IDEA must demonstrate that their disability significantly impacts their learning. For many students who struggle to read because of a learning disability, they perceive and sense the impact their disability has on their

Response to Intervention, or also known as RtI, was created to help detect the presence of a learning disability. The intervention program is a scientific research-based, base on a student’s response. RtI can only help the regular education students that has academic problems or behavior problem. For academic problem there are three tiers to RtI, and of these tiers tier II and tier III each has a four week time period for evaluation. In the first tier the teacher will let the student continue in wholes group instruction, while documenting the action of that student. Base of what was documented doing tier I the intervention will move on to tier two.If a parent request special education testing for their child the teacher immediately start in tier II, no matter if the teacher was in the middle of tier I or have not even thought about doing a RtI for that student.

Another sign for a child to have learning difficulty is a barrier to making use of the educational facilities provided for children of the same age in schools. “Special needs” arose from an influential report in 1978 known as the Warnock report. This report suggested all children have the right to a good standard education regardless of disability. As we do in our nursery a team of professionals assess children along with their parents.

This information gives the teachers, teams an understanding of the students needs. While there are different screening methods (DRA, Lexile etc.) they all tell the teachers what and how much intervention required. These screening/assessment methods are direct—results of a one-time universal screening, and placing a child into interventions without any other screening prior to placement. Progress Monitoring—is monitoring the students in question and seeing if they improve over time without any intervention. (Hughes, 2015) Tier two interventions can include small group work twenty to thirty minutes per day or at least three times per week. This will allow the teacher to help the student and see where additional supports are needed. Matthew Burns states in the article “Simply allowing a struggling reader more time to read, even if the text is carefully selected to provide and appropriate level of challenge, will likely not remediate the deficit in the long run.” (Burns, 2015) Along with the time that needs to be spent with a tier two child, the intervention needs to be target specific and to build skills gradually with reoccurring opportunities to practice those

Secondly, an RTI approach has the potential to reduce the number of students referred for special education services while increasing the number of students who are successful within regular education (Dobbins, Kurtts, Rush, 2010). Since an RTI approach helps distinguish between those students whose achievement problems are due to a learning disability and those students whose achievement problems are due to other issues such as lack of prior instruction, referrals for special education evaluations are often reduced (Dobbins, Kurtts, Rush, 2010). RTI techniques have been favored for reducing the likelihood that students from diverse racial, cultural or linguistic backgrounds are incorrectly identified as having a disability (Fletcher, Vaughn, 2009). Finally, parents and school teams alike find that the student progress monitoring techniques utilized in an RTI approach provide more instructionally relevant information than traditional assessments (Buffum, Mattos, Weber,

Dyslexia was traditionally defined as an unexpected difficulty learning to read despite intelligence, motivation and education (Shaywitz, 1996). An article by a group of researchers, published by The American Academy of Pediatrics (2011) describes it as a receptive

Attention deficit is an attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness disorder, also known as ADHD and/or ADD. Some teachers believe that if a student does not understand their work they start to act out and distract the rest of the class. Sometimes this is true but sometimes it could be just be the child ADHD and/or ADD. In other experiment done by Catts, he wanted to find out can having a speech language problem be the cause of a reading disability. Catts is a faculty member at Florida State University in the department of Communication & Information. In his study he used 56 children with speech language problems and 30 without and gave them a series of test. From the results, we learned “that children with speech-language impairments are at an increased risk for reading disabilities” (Catts, 1993, p. 948). Since, most speech language problems can be

The intervention will consist of a pretest-posttest randomized experimental group design. This design will consist of 2 experimental groups. One group will receive the Applied Behavior Analysis treatment and the other group will receive the Early Start Denver Model assessment. The dependent variable and outcomes will be social behavior symptoms and the independent variable outcomes will be the intervention treatment (ABA or ESDM) that the child receives. A repeated measure ANOVA will be used for data analysis on this study. Through the repeated measure ANOVA the P-value is looked at to determine significance of effectiveness on the social behavior symptoms of the autistic child. Although the p-value is a very important indicator of significance,

It is estimated that 1 in 10 people have dyslexia”(austinlearningsolutions). If you do not know what dyslexia is, it is a common disorder"One of several distinct learning disabilities. It is a specific language-based disorder of constitutional origin, characterized by difficulties in single word decoding, usually reflecting insufficient phonological processing. These difficulties in single word decoding are often unexpected in relation to age and other cognitive and academic abilities; they are not the result of generalized developmental disability or sensory impairment. Dyslexia is manifested by variable difficulty with different forms of language, often including, in addition to problems with reading, a conspicuous problem with acquiring

During instructional modification they learned to analyze and decode words also, due to their short term memory, the skills they learnt had to be applied throughout the day, prompting them to remember to use the skills that were previously taught. The inclusion of the RTI process in IDEA 2004 has changes the way learning disability are now determine. In 2004 congress made changes to the Individuals with Disabilities Act implemented an alternative to identifying students with learning disabilities known as RTI. Prior to 2004, a student was labeled with having a learning disability only if a significant discrepancy of 1 ½ standard deviation between their IQ score and academic