The issue that I’m researching is about the sexual harassment in secondary schools. The Academic Search Premier database is helpful. My keywords are sexual harassment and secondary school. They give me a specific direction to find sources. My research questions also helped me to find the appropriate sources. Based on my keywords and research questions, I chose peer-reviewed journal article for the annotated bibliography. They all published in scholarly magazines. Here are my research questions:
Why did sexual harassment happen in the secondary school? Can we believe that the secondary provided a special environment to sexual harassment?
Is there a type of student who is harassed more than others (few friends, poor grades, etc.)?
Kaltiala-Heino,
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used a mixed-method design to test the sexual harassment among U.S. middle school students (176). In the research, they used “The 14-item AAUW Sexual Harassment Survey” to measure the frequency of unwanted sexual harassment. Sexual harassment occurred most frequently in hallways, followed by classrooms. Girls and boys reported different people as perpetrators. From the survey, we can know that there are six types of the most upsetting unwanted incidents: (1) verbal - homophobic language; (2) verbal - sexual commentary and sexual rumor spreading; (3) physical – being touched; (4) pulling down pants; (5) being sexually assaulted; and (6) dismissiveness of victimization. The article provided evidence of why sexual harassment happened in secondary schools and how sexual harassment happened in secondary schools. Those six types of the most upsetting unwanted incidents showed that sexual harassment is not far away from students’ life. In addition, girls and boys reported different people as perpetrators. For me, it’s a new perspective of researching the …show more content…
The article based on a nationally representative sample of 16,604 students in 327 schools in Israel. Almost one in four students were reported that they have experienced at least on sexual harassment by peers. Students who have less-educated parents tend to report more sexual harassment experience. There are high levels of victimization in school which have larger schools and classrooms, and negative school climate. From the article, I know that the school climate and the size of the classroom may influence the risk of sexual harassment, and students who have less-educated parents tend to report more sexual harassment experience. They can help me to solve my research problems. The article is reliable. First, the study was funded by a grant from the Israeli Ministry of Education. It means that the Israeli Ministry of Education will check the data and the conclusion. Second, the article was published in American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering orthopsychiatry, the publisher is the American Psychological Association. APA is a well-known association, it represents the high level of
In Madera High School students on an average mentioned that the staff members in this school did not handle bullying and harassment to the expectations. On average 125 students chose from a scale 1-10 that the school handled bullying and harassment from a 3-5, ten being perfectly handled. A student who was a victim mentioned, “ It made me feel scared and it made me fear interacting with new people. I did not go to someone for help I went to my teacher for help but she did not really help”(Anonymous). This student obviously tried to talk to an adult and explain what she was going through and how severely did bullying affect her.
In general, people labeled as victims often feel guilty for being a victim and do not report the offense. In cases of sexual harassment between students, both classmates and administrators often victim blame the female in the situation. Victim blaming claims that women caused the harassment by dressing and acting inappropriately. “[These] judgements create an environment in which it becomes unlikely that the target of harassment will feel justified and supported in claiming her rights” (Chamberlain). However, sexual harassment “is a part of the larger framework of oppression that subordinates females to male in a complex, deeply enculturated patriarchal system of compulsory heterosexuality” (Chamberlain).
The US Department of Justice explains that “Title IX protects students from sexual harassment in educational programs or activities operated by recipients of federal funding” (“Title IX”). In order to evaluate the full impact of Title IX on students today, it’s necessary
A workplace is not supposed to be an environment one fears going to, but women, especially mothers, must endure it to bring in income for their families. As stated previously, men as harassers feel entitled to have control in public spaces whether they are professional spaces or not. Places in education, government, and business cannot be completely avoided by all women and young girls. Whether it is day or night, walking home or taking transportation heavily impacts both women and young girls. Some may feel intimidated, threatened, or have a sense of harm.
In society and college campuses, sexual assault occurs quite frequently. According to an estimation one third of women experience a forced sexual experience at least once in their life and most of the time it occurs in colleges. Men have also been reported to be victim of sexual assaults mostly by other men. Most of the time the sexual assault is planned and perpetrated by a third person, who is known to the victim of incident. Drug and alcohol use play role in this issue and contribute to the problem as most of the time the victim and perpetrators are under the effect of alcohol or any other drug during the incident.
★CB14(11/27) ①Name & citation of case Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education, 526 U.S. 629 (1999). ②Facts Aurelia Davis (”Davis”) sued the Monroe County Board of Education (”Board") and school officials on behalf of her fifth grade daughter LaShonda(”LaShonda”). Davis alleged that LaShonda's school failed to stop student-on-student sexual harassment on several occasions. About six months from 1992 to 1993, G.F. sexually abused and harassed Lashonda and other classmates. He attempted to touched her, fondle her, and used offensive language toward her.
The school staff does little or nothing to help intervene with these situations. Security guards would pay no attention to the sexual harassments, and teachers who heard and saw them would not do anything until the girl actually reported it. Even when a girl reports sexual harassment, there is no big punishment for the harasser; he usually gets a three day suspension from school and then returns to doing the exact same thing. These suspensions were actually blessings for the guys as they would rather stay home and watch television. On the other hand, if a girl was caught physically defending herself from a guy, the principal would punish her and let the guy off the hook.
Social scientist are to a degree disparaging of normal ways to deal with managing sexual harassment - especially in the workforce. Numerous associations have made deliberate efforts to raise awareness and attention to issues related to sexual harassment, however social scientist suggest moving the center from distinguishing cases of sexual harassment to pinpointing elements that add to examples of sexual harassment with a definitive point of diminishing future events. Women 's activist lawyer Catherine MacKinnon contended for the legitimate acknowledgment of sexual harassment as sex discrimination in her 1979 book Sexual Harassment of Working Women. In the book, MacKinnon states that in view of the conventional sex parts of
While drafting my introduction, I think the most difficulty I have with my paper is that I cannot find any reliable resources because most discrimination and brutality cases are not easily review to public. My solution to this problem is that I will research more on newspaper and articles about the related topic and try to narrow it down to one topic using reliable source to back up my paper. I will
According to University College London (UCL) (2011), critical evaluation helps to filter necessary information, identify studies that are applicable clinically and also for continuous professional development (CPD). However, evaluation of an article, is assessed using pre-designed instrument that encourages a more thorough and systematic method; it is designed for different study design and ask specific questions as pertain validity of the study such as: if the study has given an answer to the research question and has met its set aims and objectives, the methodology, analysis and interpretation of findings (Harder, 2014; Burls, 2009; Whiffin and Hasselder, 2013). It could be said that a good critical assessment plays a vital in evidence-based practice. Therefore, a critical appraisal skills programme (CASP, 2009) checklist will be used to evaluate the selected paper for this
Sexual assault can either be verbal, physical or visual. Joan Van Niekers cited a recent report by the Human Sciences Research Council which revealed that 34% of learners experienced sexual harassment and other 14% were sexually harassed by teachers , therefore this clearly illustrates that sexual assault take place amongst learners in schools is somehow beyond control and happens in many occasions. In this essay, three causes of sexual assault
Sexual harassment and sexual assault are very serious issues happening today in the workplace. Women or men have suffered from unsolicited sexual behaviors that are typically provoked by someone “higher” in position. “Sexual harassment especially has been a fixture in the workplace since women began to work outside their homes” (Fitzgerald, 1993). It is solely the responsibility of the employer to ensure that all employees within are aware and are very cautions of laws, misconduct, and liabilities. Employers must enforce the Policy Prohibiting Discrimination and further extend those laws and guidelines to their employees.
Within their study Saewyc et al. (2010) surveyed two groups of children; a group of eighth graders and a group of ninth graders. Each student within the group was asked questions about how often they felt they were being bullied, or sexual harassed. In later experiments held by Saewyc et al. (2011) specific comments were said to the student and each student was asked to answer whether or not they had heard that statement before.
Sexual harassment is identified as any unwelcome and unwanted sexual advances, verbal or physical behavior of sexual nature and requesting for sexual favours due to which a worker’s performance is affected, he/she suffers from psychological trauma or an offensive/hostile atmosphere is created at the workplace. The occurrence of workplace sexual harassment is linked with several risk factors. The nature of job and particularly the gender ratio at a workplace and traditionally male oriented jobs are among the significant ones. These pose an increased risk for women to face situations of getting sexually offended or harassed.
In addition, Mehta et al. (2013) found that when students perceive that bullying and teasing are widespread in their school, they feel less safe and become less engaged in their school experience. As a result, they have less commitment to doing well at school and they are less likely to participate in school activities. Victims report lower school performance and school attachment (Schneider et al. , 2012).When bullying and victimization are prominent features of the classroom environment it is evident that children are susceptible to having low academic achievement.