The Malay Customary Law (Adat)

Substantive law is the rights of the concerned parties and the punishment of the individuals that have done wrong. Lastly, “procedural law deals with the affairs inside the court like appealing, presenting evidence, representation of counsel, pleading, reviewing.” Substantive law main purpose is to deal with matters outside of the court, such as “like fundamental rights and liabilities of the members of the society.” (Surbhi, 2017) The legal system very big and very different the two different law types, substantive law and procedural law.

The Dao De Jing claims that the Dao, which is the ultimate truth that governs life, cannot simply be defined with language. The Dao De Jing says, “The tao that can be told, is not the eternal Tao. The name that can be named, is not the eternal Name” (Mitchell 1). This beginning passage of the Dao De Jing reveals that one cannot use language to explain Dao because it limits the definition and function of the Dao. However, this creates a linguistic paradox, as one must rely on language to attempt to define the Dao and transfer the Dao’s definition to others.

Because of the numerous shortcomings of the Articles the convention that was held to modify the Articles wound up discarding the Articles of Confederation and starting from the very beginning once more. A weak Congress was one of the principle weaknesses of the Articles. “The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments” (Library of Congress). The main issue with the Articles of Confederation was that it neglected to give power to the government. The new states needed to unite under one Constitution and form a sovereign central government.

This also apply to executive authority where it shall not be charged to enact the law and judges the dispute and also apply to judicial authority where it is not supposed to enact or administer the law. In my opinion, “power arrest power” means that only power which can be a tool to balance another power. In other words, it allow one branch to limit another as in Hannah’s work said that “Power can be stopped and still kept intact only by power”. For example(case of legislature and judiciary) is that judges in UK cannot stand

In addressing respect for human dignity, the Belmont Report (1979) incorporates two ethical convictions: first, “individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.” (p. 5). Perry was a vulnerable population, incarcerated, and stripped of any autonomy. In addressing justice, an injustice occurred as there was no benefit to Perry in the “sense of ‘fairness in distribution” or “what is deserved’” (Belmont Report, 1979, p. 7).

The third reason for that is that the peacemaking approach failed to provide a plan for personal and societal transformation. The peacemaking approach is rooted into anarchist and abolitionist theories of criminology. The school of anarchist and abolitionist theories both advocated a deconstruction of the existing governmental and criminal justice system. The peacemaking approach operates on the same notion of deconstruction; but provides a rudimentary ways provide for change. The biggest drawback of peacemaking criminology is that there is no concrete way that has been created to apply.

One of the disadvantages is the lack of freedom to own. The government owns all properties of the citizens. They do not have the right to own businesses and the things that satisfies their wants. Second disadvantage is the lack of freedom to speech. The people cannot express their own thoughts and opinions.

Nivan Khair Module Two Power over the people in Authoritarian and Theocratic rule Authoritarian and Theocratic rule have one essential principle in common - the limitation or, in some cases, the cancellation of an individual’s social choice and values. However, both rules had completely opposite ideologies. One way to juxtapose these two types of governments is to closely inspect how they both viewed Islam in terms of a culture and how that affected their state of rule. On one hand, the Ba’ath political party saw Islam as a tradition which had no place in government rule as it served as a barrier to advancement in society;

Who is to say that one norm is more normal or morally correct and another is not? Confusion in me turned to a sense of justice. It may not be “normal” for someone to have a different sexual orientation or religious view than somebody else; however, denying someone their right to be that or to believe that is most certainly not the norm. This distinction can be made because norms are not written rules or laws, but our laws and the constitution has been written down and they prevent discrimination based on a whole host of things, making them social norms that everyone must adhere to or must suffer the

In addition, the law also refers to the unwritten law is not enacted by the legislature in the country or it is not derived from the Federal Constitution or the constitution states in Malaysia. Among the sources of Malaysian law is not written as the decisions taken by the judiciary by the superior courts (superior courts), customary