Arterial blood gas Essays

Towards the end of the procedure the nurse counted all sponges and needles with the scrub to make sure that no equipment was left within the patient. The nurse also continued to document information such as the length of the surgery and the amount of blood lost throughout the procedure. Lastly, the circulating nurse cleaned the room and then transferred the patient into a hospital bed to be transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. Ignatavicius and workman (2013) addressed that these are all responsibilities

When we talk about the thought of community service, as far as I am concerned, community service is common, essential, voluntary but also easy to ignore. As the saying goes, every man sweeps the snow before the door, and he doesn’t care about the frost on the tiles. Therefore, through such ancient motto, we can realize that many people only care about themselves, but not all the people in their community. However, this thought is dangerous, it will destroy the community quickly. To some extent, we

Bad road conditions in Kentucky are a persistent issue that affects the safety and wellbeing of all travelers and Kentuckians alike. From potholes and uneven pavement to inadequate signage and poor lighting, Kentucky's roads are in desperate need of repair and refurbishment. However, this statewide issue is not new. Over the years, heavy traffic, weather, and the old age of the roads themselves has contributed to the worsening of the road conditions. Moreover, Kentucky experiences all four seasons

The process of respiration occurs according to Boyle’s law. Boyle’s law states that for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to pressure. This means that as volume increases pressure decreases and vice versa. During inhalation the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract resulting in an increase in the volume of the lungs and hence the thoracic cavity. As the volume increases, pressure decreases creating an area of sub atmospheric pressure within

can help to suggest the possibility of a diagnosis in the ILDs. Physiologic Testing Ventilatory function and gas exchange assessment is essential in the evaluation of patients with ILD. The “classic” physiologic response in patients with ILD is a restrictive pattern and/or impaired gas exchange.Initially, an anatomic barrier to oxygen caused by a thickened alveolar interstitium (“alveolar–capillary block”) was suspected.(37) Later, ventilation–perfusion

Impaired gas exchange is a nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering current or future problems with oxygen/carbon dioxide balance (unknown, 2012). Gas exchange is the passage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in opposite directions across the alveolocapillary membrane (Miller-Keane, 2003). With impaired gas exchange a patient can have an excess or deficit in oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination at the alveolar-capillary membrane (Gulanick & Myers 2014). The structure and organization of the

Latest creatinine clearance done 3 months back was 60 mg/dl/min. Physical examination revealed a mild hypoxia and tachypnea with mild respiratory distress. Her vital signs were; temperature - 103.7 0F, pulse rate - 126/min, respiratory rate - 28/min, blood pressure - 139/82mmHg and SpO2 of 81% on room air. Cardiovascular examination and abdominal examination were normal. However, Respiratory system examination revealed diffuse bilateral coarse crepitation in all fields with reduced breath

All patients were continuously monitored for non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), electrocardiogram (ECG) and, core body temperature. Preoxygenation was provided, at least 5 minutes, with supplemental oxygen (3 L/min) administered via a

sinus tachycardia. Dyspnea is one of the symptom with patient suffering from heart failure and also experience wheezing.( chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49:171.). BNP(B-typ Natriuretic peptide) blood test done on her, to check wether she is suffering from heart failure. Mrs.Smith was monitored closely for signs of deterioration and vitals done regularly. While waiting for BNP test result mrs.Smith is referred to medical team for further investigation

that supply the myocardium are clogged up; the heart cannot pump blood effectively to adequately perfuse vital organs and peripheral tissues. It affects the arteries that provide blood oxygen, and nutrients to the myocardium. When blood flow through the coronary arteries is partially or completely blocked, ischemia and infarction of the myocardium could occur. Nitroglycerin (NTG) increases collateral blood flow, redistributes blood flow toward the sub endocardium, and dilates the coronary arteries

supply O2 rich blood to the heart muscle, the build up of plaque is called atherosclerosis. Over time passes plaques may harden consequently restricting blood flow or completely blocking the artery. The build up of plaque is directly related to an individuals life style, common risk factors include obesity, high blood cholesterol and diabetes. When the endothelium is damaged by blood flow, the cholesterol and fats in the blood get stuck forming plaques. This results in high blood pressure due the

alveoli into the pulmonary blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli. The process of diffusion allows for the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the alveolar capillary membrane. At rest, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is about 60mmHg greater than that in the pulmonary capillaries. Thus oxygen diffuses into the pulmonary capillary blood. Similarly, carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction. This process of gas exchange is so rapid as to

Resistance training is a type of training that requires an athlete to work against a resistance, usually with the use of weights (Fleck and Kraemer,1951). Resistance training can lead to several adaptations over time such as: increased strength, power, mass and endurance (Haff and Triplett 1994). However, before these structural adaptations occur, the body must first go through neural adaptations. Seynnes, de Boer and Narici (2007) stated that it is widely accepted that the initial strength gain

Obstetric anesthesia is a challenge in these patients because of complex spinal defects and could make regional anesthesia difficult but not absolutely contraindicated. A spina bifida cystica patient with a lesion above T11 is unlikely to experience labor pain. However there is a potential risk of autonomic hyper reflexia in patients with thoracic lesions (T5–T8) and prophylaxis should be provided. There is an increased risk of accidental dural puncture as well as failed block and excessive cranial

Hypovolemic shock is an emergency condition in which severe blood or fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body. This type of shock can cause many organs to stop working. Hypovolemic shock refers to a medical or surgical condition in which rapid fluid loss results in multiple organ failure due to inadequate circulating volume and subsequent inadequate perfusion. Endothelium plays a critical role in vascular physiological, pathophysiological, and reparative processes. The

shifting to the interstitial spaces Maintain vascular volume Administer either D5W or hypertonic saline solution in order to pull fluids back into the vascular compartment. With lactic acidosis, lactated-ringers may be contraindicated. Monitor blood

referred to as Congestive heart failure. it is a clinical syndrome which occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient amount of blood to meet the metabolic requirement of the tissue for oxygen. It can also result from structural cardiac abnormalities which impair the ability of the ventricle to fill or eject blood. The heart is weakened and cannot pump enough blood as strongly as before this implies that less oxygen is reaching the organs and muscles which can cause tiredness or shortness of breath

Blood gas and Acid Base disorders Gas exchange: Respiration is the process whereby oxygen is delivered to metabolically active tissues and the carbondioxide produced from the metabolism is subsequently removed. Hypoxemia occurs when there is defective oxygenation of tissues and hypercapnea occurs when ventilation is impaired and respiratory acidosis supervenes. The amount of oxygen in the blood is determined by the amount of dissolved oxygen, the hemoglobin in the blood and the affinity of the hemoglobin

Concept Map Patient Profile KJ is a 55 year old male admitted to the hospital with chef complain of Chest Pain and Syncope. Patient stated that he was watching TV when he started to have Chest pain with nausea and vomiting. This pain was the same as when he had his MI 3 years ago. He called 911 and the ambulance has transported him to Holy Cross. In the ER the patient has stated that few days before admission he has lost consciousness and fell to the ground, however do damage was caused by the

1. INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in renal failure patients. The morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease is high and the presence of chronic kidney disease worsens outcomes of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease often begins before end-stage renal disease and patients with reduced kidney function are more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than to develop end-stage renal disease. 40-50% of all deaths in the end-stage renal