Autoimmunity Essays

Host defence comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protect against various diseases is known as immune system(97). Immune system can be classified broadly in two sub-systems, the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell mediated immunity. In humans, the blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier separate peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain(98). Malfunctioning

[23] An another cross sectional study was performed to assess the relationship between vitamin D status and circulating TSH levels in middle-aged and elderly individuals with thyroid autoimmunity, while taking thyroid function into consideration of relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and thyroid autoimmunity, the presence of thyroid nodule(s) and thyroid

Vitiligo is a genetic phenomenon that relates to gene structure because of an abnormality of the vitiligo melanocytes. These melanocytes develops from a defect in the immune system. Because of this defect, skin depigmentation is caused. In Vitiligo, the melanocytes components target the immune system. Because of this destruction of the immune system, vitiligo affects the coloration of body features (Ben, 2014). These body features include the eyes, the skin, and the hair. But, given this disease’s

The gastrointestinal tract is a home for complex community of commensal bacterial species. This gut microbial community also known as microbiota has co-evolved with its host over millennia and provides benefits to its host in many ways such as digestion, detoxification, production of nutrients, protection against pathogens and regulation of immune system. Immune system plays important role in maintaining the body healthy health by elimination of pathogens. CD4+ T cells in particular, play key

Introduction The central nervous system and the endocrine systems are integral components human body system. The systems support basic body functions, coordinate and complement each other to protect and instigate homeostasis by the aid of hormones (Harvey 2013, p. 15). The endocrine systems release these hormones and are then transported to the desired organs and cause-effect by the aid of receptors. The Thyroid and Normal Anatomy of the Thyroid The thyroid gland is one of the most important organs

Microbial communities are located on every surface of the human body. However, they are located at their greatest degree of compactness in the distal gut. The microorganisms of the distal gut outnumber the entire amount of human cells by an incredibly large amount. Given that the gut microbiota serves a vital function in the human body it qualifies to be considered an organ specific to humans. Two of the main functions that the gut microbiota are responsible for are to generate ATP from nutrients

Over history, people with higher socioeconomic statuses (SES) have always been privileged with better health. Although the gap between socioeconomic classes has decreased, it's still quite significant. Health as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is "a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". While high SES is defined as a measure of one's combined economic and social status and tends to be positively associated with

Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's Disease, depression and infertility. HEALTH BENEFITS OF A PALEO DIET For most people, the fact about the Paleo diet offers the best results is all you need. Improve blood lipids, weight loss and pain reduction autoimmunity is proof enough. Many people, however, do not blindly

Immune checkpoint inhibitors: In order for an immune response to be productive, the approval of multiple immunological checkpoints is required. These checkpoints tend to include inhibitory pathways programmed to minimise autoimmunity (damage to normal cells and tissues via one’s own immune response). Although it is apparent that the functions of immune-checkpoints are necessary, it is known that tumours use such pathways as a mechanism of immune evasion (Korman, Peggs and Allison, 2006). Considering

2.2.1 Cancer One of the most impactful benefits of the HGP was its aiding in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the treatments for cancer as it is a genomic disease. Whilst a cure is still unknown, the origins of numerous previously unknown cancers have been identified using a person’s tumor. This means that in the past doctors were treating oncology patients emperically, meaning with general cancer treatments, as they tried to guess the origins of the cancerous cell. Now due to the HGP they

Introduction There are numerous autoimmune diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. These diseases attack the lungs in many different ways and they cause many varied symptoms. Most of these diseases fit under the category of Interstitial Lung Disease(ILD). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), sarcoidosis, and Goodpasture syndrome are a few diseases that effect the lungs . All of these have progressive disease states. The treatments vary from each disease. Most

billion worth of products with a profit of $6.9 billion. Currently, they boast a portfolio of 55 clinical trials. AstraZeneca produces pharmaceuticals in the areas of: Cardiovascular and Metabolic disease; Oncology; Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity; Infection; Neuroscience; and Gastrointestinal disease. In order to continue producing more advanced medicines AstraZeneca conduct extensive research in consultation with medical professionals. This area of the company is heavily invested in as

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori are a ubiquitous organism that can be seen in 50% of general population. Its association with various gastric disorders are well established in numerous studies after its discovery in 1983. Peptic ulcer disease is the most studied disease related to H Pylori infection. H. pylori are seen in 90% of duodenal ulcer and 75% of gastric ulcer Patients. This bacterium is also involved in the pathogenesis of several extra gastric diseases, such as mucosa-associated lymphoid

The immune system is the most important system in the human body because it protects the body from strange objects, such as viruses, bacterium, and germs. Unfortunately, sometimes the immune system becomes overactive and attacks different areas of the body, such as the lungs, joints, heart, blood, skin, kidney, or brain, which are a healthy area in the body. This overactive of the immune system can lead to many diseases, known as autoimmune diseases. These autoimmune include many diseases, such as

The Methodist Digestive Institute (MDI) at Methodist Dallas Medical Center consisting of Centers of Excellence (COE), as well as subspecialty programs and services, are uniquely positioned to address clinical needs and to remove barriers of care during the patient treatment continuum for digestive health. MDI represents a dynamic collaborative of multidisciplinary physicians, researchers, and allied health professionals joined together for a unified purpose to improve and save the lives of patients

BULLETPROOF COFFEE. Bulletproof coffee could sound like ammunition like coffee or coffee that is proof to bullets but not so. A bullet is a small metal object that is fired from a gun, cylindrical in shape and sometimes containing explosives. The word bulletproof coffee could have been inspired by the shape of the coffee beans used in the producing of the coffee itself but far from the gun bullet as it were. This is a type of coffee that is branded consisting of some upgraded black coffee beans

Our gastrointestinal tracts work hard to keep us healthy and happy. When gut health is compromised, we can face major health consequences. Here’s how to use good nutrition to keep your digestion humming along. “Heal the gut and you heal yourself.” – Gerard E. Mullin, MD At least 70 million people in the U.S. suffer from some sort of digestive illness (not including heartburn), and digestive problems account for nearly 10% of all healthcare spending. The hard-working gut allows nutrients and water

Pathophysiology ANAT1066 Case study assessment Case study (b) INTRODUCTION Base on the clinical and laboratory data provided, the patient is suffering from Graves’ disease, a cause of hyperthyroidism which is a type of thyrotoxicosis. Clinical manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD) includes diffuse thyroid enlargement, palpitation and hyperthyroidism (Fukishima et al 2009). Other symptoms are ophthalmophathy which result in exopthalmos (bulging of the eye), and dermopathy

Introduction Dental amalgams have been proven to a composition of an alloy of silver, copper, tin, and zinc combined with mercury which are dentally advantages when used (Wolff et al., 1983; Desmet et al., 1984; Shraim et al., 2011). ‘The Godfather of Amalgam’; Louis Regnart, added the mercury to solidify or strengthen a cement mix he made to make an amalgam. This mercury also assisted in preserving the cement mixture at liquid form to be used on human teeth (Eames, 1959). Then in 1959, the formula

1.1 Physiological Background: 1.1.1 Organization of the testis: The human testes are two organs of ellipsoids shape with diameters of about 2.5 × 4 cm(Foresta et Al., 2012).Engulfed by a capsule (tunica albuginea) of strong connective tissue. Thin septula testis divide the parenchyma of the testis into about 370 conical lobules(Tomova et al., 2010)The lobules consist of the seminiferous tubules and intertubular tissue, containing groups of endocrine Leydig cells and additional cellular elements