Bacterial conjugation Essays

Today, millions of women can implement their rights to vote in all elections in the united states of America, but this (rights) did not come easily to those women who sacrifice their lives to make this happen. In the speech “Address to Congress on Women’s Suffrage”, Catt delivered her message for women’s right from a firsthand account of what she had experienced as a woman living in the United States of America in the 19th century. She advocated for the rights of women to vote because she believes

An assassin endeavors through the obscurity of a fallen municipality mounted a on a giant wolf-like canids. An entrusted a subordinate serve as an effective means of transit. His black tooled leather saddle has unique designs representing his home. Fortis lineaments include a narrow skull with long, slender limps with grayish fur and lighter markings around the lips and eyes. They are assigned a specific zone, preserving all innocent inhabitants within it. An array of world-famous and online

Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is Macbeth´s wife. At the beginning of the play, she has a female traditional role, but when the plot starts to develop, she changes it. Thus, whenever it suits her she adapts a masculine role. She is shown as instigator in Macbeth´s downfall, inciting him to do the wrong things, and in some situations, she is thought to be a representation of evil. Lady Macbeth is very ambitious, and she “wants” to be a man, because men are supposed to be cruel. She is the force that allows

Bacterial Vaginosis What is Bacterial Vaginosis? Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age and it is caused by an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina. How does BV occur? Normally, there is a certain amount of bacteria in the vagina that is considered healthy bacteria called Lactobacilli. This kind of bacteria makes the vagina slightly acidic and keeps harmful bacteria from growing. BV occurs when there is an imbalance and there are more harmful

Aims/Hypothesis(es) to be tested Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal symptoms among women of reproductive age, ages 15-44 years. The number of lactobacilli in the vagina of women with BV is significantly lower than that in healthy women. While some women may be asymptomatic, most experience thin, white or yellow abnormal vaginal discharge and malodor, especially after intercourse. Women with BV have an increased risk of many gynecological complications. Bacterial infections have been

Germ theory of disease is one of the theories in the biology field. Germ theory of disease supports that microorganisms that are germs are the cause of diseases. This theory was first proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in the 16th century but he was not able to provide any evidence to strengthen his proposal. This theory was not accepted easily by the citizen between the 16th century to the 18th century. The pre-existence of miasma theory was the obstacle to the acceptance of germ theory during that

Introduction It was near the end of 18th century that the geographical map of the world was fully navigated as a result of European exploration that initiated a series of changes to the global system today. The exploration started in the early 15th century with the Portuguese discoveries of Atlantic archipelagos and Africa, all the way to the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492, followed by the major exploration of the various parts of the world by European explorers. To the European

The first time the unknown bacteria was isolated, one of the colonies was observed to be bright yellow. This was important because it gave a clue as to which one was gram positive because looking for a yellow color was part of the gram positive dichotomous key. However, this conclusion that the yellow colony was positive and the white colony was negative was not certain until the conduction of the second gram stain. Also, even though Micrococcus was the only possible bacteria with colonies that have

Introduction: This experiment was performed to identify the unknown Species given, using selective and differential media. Materials and Methods: To begin this experiment, The Gram stain procedure will help identify a Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. It begins with grabbing a clean glass slide and placing it on the glass staining rack. Flaming the inoculating loop sterile, use the DI water to create a bubble of DI water in the loop and placing it the center of the glass slide. Then flaming

Identification of bacteria within Unknown Culture #21 In this experiment, an unknown culture of two different types of bacteria was assigned to each person, a number of tests were performed to isolate and identify these bacterial cells. Based on knowledge from the previous experiments completed in lab, a basic understanding of each type of bacteria was used to create a flow chart that would aid the process of identifying the unknown bacteria within the culture. A gram stain that is performed initially

The bacterium was determined to be Gram- negative rods. The first attempt of gram stain the unknown appeared to look positive and cocci. But, the next day onwards for 4 consecutive days the unknown showed up as a gram- negative gram stain and appeared pink rods. Triple Sugar Iron Agar is a differential medium. It differentiates Gram-negative enteric bacteria based on the ability to reduce sulfur and ferment carbohydrates (lactose, sucrose, and glucose). This is indicated by the formation of acid

When given an unknown bacteria there are a multitude of steps one must go through to be able to correctly identify what bacteria was given. It is important to correctly identify the bacteria because some bacteria are more harmful than others. The gram stain is the first test that should be performed because it helps narrow down the possibilities by telling one whether the bacteria is gram positive or gram negative. After this test is performed, one shall place bacteria on/in Mannitol Salt agar, MacConkey

Discussion and Conclusion The Gram positive Unk. A-DB was identified to be B. Cereus. This inference was reached though quite a bit of study. Firstly the Gram positive was found to be Bacilli shaped this eliminated the gram negative bacteia and three of the nine possible bacteria, leaveing B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, C. diphtheriae, M. phlei and M. smegmatis. A timperature test was proformed so as to eliminate the two bacteria whose optimale temperature is 30°(alt+0176) C or exclude

The first task that I had to do upon receiving my unknown was making two subcultures of it. The “stock” culture would serve as my emergency backup in case my bug got contaminated, while the “working” culture was the one I would utilize to perform the biochemical tests. The next thing I did after this was the gram stain. The purpose of this was to find my bug’s gram designation and morphology so that I would be working in the right direction. My bug retained the safranin stain which meant it was gram

instead it sloughs off when rinsed with the ethanol alcohol. This leaves the color unretained and the counterstain safranin is absorbed, staining the bacteria pink. Once the slide was ready, we were able to observe the bacterial morphology under the microscope. We identified the bacterial shape as bacillus under 100X magnification with oil immersion. Figure 1: (Pseudomonas Aeruginosa mixture, Under 100X oil immersion) Oxidase Test: To test for the

Christian Gram was a bacteriologist who wanted to find a procedure to make bacteria that previously difficult to see under microscope, appear with ease. Gram became a pioneer in the microbiology field, because of his staining technique that he used on bacteria to increase their visibility in 1884. This staining method is called Gram Staining. The Gram stain is a differential stain where a decolorization step occurs due to two different basic stains. The Gram stain use a primary stain of crystal violet

During a lab session an unknown bacteria, Unknown #57, was assigned to determine its Genus species. A series of tests were performed with subcultures made when needed and antiseptic techniques used throughout. How bacteria differ from each other chemically as well as their shape can be determined by a differential stain known as a Gram stain. Gram positive bacteria have thick cell walls made of many layers of peptidoglycan which enable the bacteria to retain the crystal violet stain. In contrast

and conjugation in microorganisms . Give a definition and main differences with example . - Transduction : it`s a process of transform the genetic material in bacterial cell where the transform of genetic material occur by virus (bacteriophage) , where the virus transfer the genetic material from the host cell to another host cell , where the virus will initiate another cycle of infection . example : prophages , GTA ( gene transfer agent) . - Transformation : it’s the process when bacterial cell

implies uptake in bacterial, yeast or plant cell DNA while transfection is the term used in reference of mammalian uptake. Chemical transformation, electroporation or particle bombardment is the typical method of construct into a host cell. Conjugation: The easiest illustration is to consider this as a version of bacterial sex. In conjugation the two bacterial cells connect, and the male donates a piece of DNA to the female. The piece of DNA was excised from a bacterial chromosome. The pieces

resistant with time. In a study, few factors are identified to be responsible for the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Bacterial fitness, infection dynamics, cross-resistance, co-selection, horizontal gene transfer (HGT), epistasis together can predict the AR [14]. Bacterial fitness is defined as the relative ability to survive, reproduce and propagate in an environment. Bacterial fitness depends on Survival assays in vitro in different conditions (stationary phase of growth cycle, different drug