Dichloromethane Essays

In this lab, the objective was to examine the effect of an SN2 reaction using a phase transfer catalyst in dichloromethane. We isolated the product of the phase transfer reaction by using liquid chromatography and then prepared TLC plates to see which of the five vials collected contained the isolated product and an IR spectrum was then obtained. The reaction in this lab was an example of an SN2 reaction. SN2 is a nucleophilic substitution reaction where one bond is broken and one bond is formed

BS1003 – Organic Chemistry Practical 1 Laboratory Report Name: Tristan Chan Yew Kit, U1640436J (T8) Effects of Dichloromethane(DCM) in Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Purpose To investigate the ability for Dichloromethane(DCM), a moderately polar organic solvent, to extract aqueous caffeine molecules, originating from Tea Leaves suspended in water. Introduction Caffeine, defined chemically as 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (C8H10N4O2), is an alkaloid that can be found in tea leaves, coffee and many

chromatography. In this experiment pigments in capsicum annuum or red pepper were separated. Four different eluates with different colors were produced from the column by adding eluents through the column. Keywords: capsicum annuum, eluate, eluent, dichloromethane, hexane Introduction Red Pepper Capsicum annuum or commonly known as red pepper is widely cultivated and found in tropical deciduous forests. Capsicum annuum(red pepper) is composed of six carotenoids: capsanthin, β-carotene, violaxanthin, cryptoxanthin

Although now both the tannins salt and caffeine are water soluble, using an organic solvent, dichloromethane, renders tannins salt insoluble. Caffeine is more soluble in dichloromethane (14g/100g) than in water (2g/100g). Caffeine will dissolve in the dichloromethane phase while tannins salts remain in the aqueous phase. Addition of sodium sulphate will act as a drying agent and evaporation of the dichloromethane solution would yield pure caffeine which is white in

with cotton to filter the small particle and gently squeeze the leftover tea leaf and cotton to liberate the rest of the tea solution. Cool the aqueous solution to near room temperature. The tea must be cool (20° C) before coming in contact with dichloromethane which have a low boiling point(boiling point = 40°

to destroy the excess oxidant giving a negative potassium iodide result. The solution was then made basic by adding 6 M NaOH yielding a pH of 6. Next, the solution was extracted with dichloromethane and the organic layer was removed. The layer was then distilled to remove the dichloromethane. Since the dichloromethane distills first, multiple fractions were collected to attain as pure of a fraction as possible. The final fraction was weighed and used to find an IR spectrum. The amount of product collected

First off, to separate the tannins from the caffeine, which are both soluble in the nonpolar solvent dichloromethane, one of the chemicals needed to be transformed such that it would extract into a polar, aqueous solvent such as water. By adding sodium carbonate during the initial boiling step, the acidic tannins were deprotonated and thus became ions that were more soluble in water than dichloromethane, allowing the tannins to be separated from caffeine. Furthermore, a base was used to deprotonate the

To purify and isolate trimyristin from a nutmeg, the sample of nutmeg was mixed and refluxed with dichloromethane before isolating and purifying the trimyristin through vacuum filtration and recrystallization. After refluxing the solution of dichloromethane and nutmeg, an intense amber colored solution was recovered. Through the process of vacuum filtration and recrystallization, a white, powdery and clumpy sample of solid trimyristin was collected. Of the 8.004 grams of nutmeg utilized in the experiment

concluding on which of these compounds will be presented at the end of experiment. Procedure and observation The Panacetin content was weighed approximately 3.0493g and transferred to the Erlenmeyer flask; 75ml of dichloromethane (CH¬2CL2) was added to the content. The dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) dissolved the sucrose, leaving the active unknown agent and aspirin behind. When no more solids were dissolving, the mixture filtered by gravity using a pre-weighed filter

stir for 30 minutes and once time is met take a second TLC. Once reaction is complete, determined by disappearance of aldehyde on TLC, add 1.5 mL of dichloromethane and water and allow solution to separate, followed by the extraction of the organic layer and placed into another vial. The remaining aqueous layer is mixed with 1.0 mL of dichloromethane to assure all of organic is removed and then the the combined organic layers is dried with calcium chloride and the solvent is removed using a vacuum

This aqueous solution was then heated until all the dichloromethane evaporated off. An error could have occurred at this point in the experiment if the hot plate was too hot. If the hot plate was set above the boiling point of the ketone, the ketone could have evaporated of along with the dichloromethane. This would result in a lower percent yield of the ketone. To prevent this from happening, the hot plate should not exceed 130˚C

conducted through not only filtration to separate and purify the triglyceride trimyristin from the nutmeg, simple distillation to remove the solvent from the product, but also the suction filtration to isolate the crystals. By using the solvent, dichloromethane the extraction of trimyristin isolated the crude oils from nutmeg and then acetone was used to help in dissolving the crystallized product. Unfortunately, my material did not come out correctly, it turned out to be a very waxy solid that

The chemiluminescence part of the experiment, we had to make four solutions labeled as ‘stock solution A, solution A, stock solution B, and solution B’. For the ‘stock solution A’ we put the luminol product, (0.242 g) in a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask and dissolve it with 2 mL of 3M NaOH. Then we took 1 mL of the ‘stock solution A’ and diluted in 9 mL of water using a 50 mL beaker. Solution A. For the ‘stock solution B’ we mixed 4 mL of potassium ferricyanide solution and 4 mL of hydrogen peroxide solution

products. Reduction of camphor elicits two potential different products: borneol and isoborneol (see Figure 1). A mixture of camphor, methanol, and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) was boiled and vacuum filtered. The organic material was dissolved in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and small amounts of anhydrous sodium sulfate (NaSO4) was added for the reduction process. Reduction involves an increase in the number of carbon-hydrogen bonds; in order to ascertain the final structure of the reduction of camphor, NMR

5.2. POVIDONE78, 79: Nonproprietary Names: BP: Povidone, USP: Povidone Synonyms: E1201; Kollidon; Plasdone; poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]; polyvidone; polyvinylpyrrolidone; PVP; 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer. Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number: 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer [9003-39-8] Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight: (C6H9NO)n 2500–3 000 000 The USP 28 describes povidone as a synthetic polymer consisting essentially of linear 1- vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone groups, the differing

stirred for about 15 minutes when the purple color turned into a brown color permanently. It was then extracted first with 20 mL of dichloromethane and the bottom DCM layer containing the product was reextracted with 10 mL of dichloromethane. The final bottom layer was retained and dried with MgSO4. The drying agent was discarded when the mixture was filtered. The dichloromethane in the mixture was evaporate when the mixture was heated on a hotplate of 120 degrees C. It was heated until it stopped bubbling

including primary, secondary, tertiary aromatic, aliphatic, and benzylic hydrogens, were analyzed. The experiment was conducted twice, simultaneously. One set of test tubes containing bromine, dichloromethane, and one of toluene, ethylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, or more dichloromethane (control), were exposed to UV light; the other equal set of test tubes were placed in a fume hood with the light off. This set of test tubes was not fully in the dark. Once the bromine was

and that a clean beaker is placed beneath the exit tube. Transfer the aqueous solution from the beaker to the separatory funnel. Do not transfer any un-dissolved sodium chloride in the beaker to the funnel. Extract the aqueous solution with dichloromethane in the following manner: a) Add 20 ml of solvent to the solution in the separatory funnel. b) Place the plastic stopper (NOT greased) in the neck of the funnel. Shake c) Drain the lower aqueous layer through the stopcock into the same 250 ml

Experimental Clay-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol Cyclohexanol (10.0336 g, mmol) was added to a 50 mL round bottom flask containing five boiling chips, Montmorillonite K10 clay (1.0430 g) was then added to the cyclohexanol and the mixture was swirled together. The flask was then placed in a sand bath and attached to a simple distillation apparatus. The contents of the flask were then heated at approximately 150 °C to begin refluxing the cyclohexanol. The distillation flask was then loosely

Once cool to touch the squeeze out all the tea bags carefully without tearing them apart. Using a separatory funnel extract three times with 15.0ml of dichloromethane gently rocking bath and forth the funnel venting the funnel often each time. Carefully decant into a pre-weighed 125ml flask and add the drying agent-calcium chloride pellets- and the organic layer was evaporated off in a warm water bath. Using