Reagent Essays

Introduction Grignard reagent is considered as an organometallic compound or it's the composition of electrophilic and nucleophilic that electrophilic is the carbon atom of organic halide which is directly attached to the halogen, it's reactivity can be switched to the nucleophilic reactivity by conversion an organomagnesium halide. It has the general formula of (RMgX) and it has a general nomenclature which it's called magnesium alkyl halide. We can get Grignard reagent by adding one of solutions

The limiting reagent in this lab was iron. Iron was the obvious limiting reactant because the 4.00 grams of iron was used to determine that 11.43 grams of copper sulfate would be necessary in the equation. Also, an extra 25% of copper sulfate was added to make sure there was enough copper sulfate in the reaction since it was the excess in the reaction. The theoretical yield of the reaction was 4.551 grams of copper. The theoretical yield is an amount predicted by stoichiometry and assumes that the

The topic of this lab experiment is the relationship between percent yields and limiting reagents, and how it relates to copper (II) sulfate and aluminum foil. The objective was to determine the limiting reagent in a reaction and calculate the percent yield. To understand this, fundamental concepts of percent yields and limiting reagents are essential. A percent yield is defined as the ratio of the actual yield, to the theoretical yield in a reaction, expressed as a percent (Haberer, Salciccioli

Effect of Fenton’s Reagent Parameters: Photo-Fenton’s process is highly sensitive to the initial H2O2, iron catalyst concentration and pH value. This reagent is extremely producer of .OH radicals and the reaction rate is limited by the .OH generation. Traditionally, hydroxyl radical has been viewed as the workhorse of hydrogen peroxide oxidation systems. Thus, the main source of OH radicals and oxygen depends on the hydrogen peroxide. Fig. 6 (a) shows the effect of hydrogen peroxide increase on

Verna Wang Hannah Palmer CHEM 101-069 Lab 11-19-16 Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents Lab Report Purpose: We are using the reaction of sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride to illustrate stoichiometry by demonstrating proportions needed to cause a reaction to take place. Background: Just like a recipe would call for a specific amount of one ingredient to a specific amount of another, stoichiometry is the same exact method for calculating moles in a chemical reaction. Sometimes, we may not have

limiting reagent in a chemical reaction. The principles of stoichiometry and limiting reagents will be used to predict the amount of product formed. The amount of product formed and the change in the color of the solution upon mixing of two reactants are being used to predict the limiting reagent and calculate the theoretical yield in grams. My hypothesis was that with the reaction of the zinc with the copper sulfate solution that it would dissolve the zinc to determine the limiting reagent. Some

Limiting reagents can be easily determined on paper with stoichiometry, however, observing how it actually works is essential. This lab is focused on putting stoichiometry to use by determining and observing  the limiting reagent in the given, balanced reaction. In the field of chemistry, many want to produce a product by reacting to reactants that will create a certain amount of a product. In order to complete this, a chemist requires a balanced equation that states the exact amounts of reactants

experiment was to synthesize a Grignard reagent with 1-bromobutane and homogenized magnesium in anhydrous diethyl ether. This solution was refluxed in a flask connected to condenser and drying tube. As seen in the mechanism, maintaining a dry condition is important to avoid the Grignard reagent from attacking water, which will result in loss of the bromine. It is important to reduce the amount of moisture and water vapors to avoid destroying the Grignard reagent, which is essential to the synthesis

The purpose of this experiment was to prepare an unknown Grignard reagent and then identify the product by molecular weight and melting point. An IR reading was taken to further identify and validate what product was formed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Organometallic compounds consist of a carbon that is attached to a metal. The carbon atoms are strongly nucleophilic because of a partial negative charge that they carry. They carry this charge due to them being more electronegative compared to the

One of the most important aspects of this experiment is to add the reagents in the specific order. First, the acetone and base solution is added and allowed time to react. This time lapse allows for the formation of carbanions. If all of the reagents were added at the same time, some carbanions would form, and some Cannizzaro products would form as well. Since benzaldehyde was not added until after the carbanion formation, the Cannizzaro reaction should not have happened. This is supported by the

Introduction The purpose of this week’s lab was to enhance our understanding of the Grignard reagents that were examined in lecture. In this lab, a Grignard reagent will be prepared through the reaction of magnesium turnings and bromobenzene. Instead of isolating the product it will then be combined with benzophenone, which will give the final product of triphenylmethanol. Procedure To start this experiment the first step is to equip a 500-mL three-neck round bottom flask with a reflux condenser

E. Discussion: In order to synthesize the polymer, Nylon 6,10, we had to complete a few steps to create the chemical reaction that combined sebacoyl chloride and hexamethylenediamine. First we measured the mass of the two graduated cylinders when they were empty, and measured it again after they were filled with sebacoyl chloride and hexamethylenediamine. We did this in order to find the measurements of the reactants. When we measured the graduated cylinder when they were emptied, one weighed at

when they need to make other compounds such as the alcohol (Crabtree pg 253). The reagents used during the Grignard reactions are called the Grignard reagents or generally as the organomagnesium halide. For the effective Grignard reaction to take place, an addition to a ketone or the usage of aldehyde in the reaction to any of the tertiary or secondary alcohol has to take place (Seyferth pg 432). Grignard reagents are often made through the reaction of the halogenoalkane with small amount of the

between a Grignard reagent and an aldehyde leads to the production of a secondary alcohol. In fact, this is what we observed with regards to the experiment results. The addition reaction between the Grignard reagent, phenolmagnesium bromide, and benzaldehyde leads to the formation of diphenylmethanol, a secondary alcohol, as the product. As mentioned earlier, the reaction of the alkyl halide, bomobenzene, and magnesium metal turnings leads to the production of the Grignard reagent. This was observed

phenylmagnesium bromide as the Grignard reagent.

Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction Kira Wall (CHE433) 12-3-14 The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction is named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt. Schmitt published his research in the Journal fur Pracktische Chemie in 1885 while Kolbe published his research in the Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie in 1860. The reaction adds a carboxyl group onto the benzene ring of a phenol. The process uses a base carbon dioxide and acid work-up. The original reaction done by Kolbe involved the formation of sodium phenoxide

Biuret’s, and Lugol’s Reagent will test for protein, starch, and sugar to observe what has the best nutrition value for consumption. 3. I predict that solution #3 will change the most color after being tested by Benedict’s Lugol’s, and Biuret’s reagent because it has the most protein, sugar, starch in the nutrition facts. To test for a positive reaction, we observe if the solution changes into a specific color depending on which regent is being used. For Biuret’s Reagent, a positive

tubes were labeled 1-3 and to each patient serum was added. Group O reagent screening red cells 1 was added to tube 1, reagent screening red blood cells 2 was added to tube 2, and reagent screening red cells 3 was added to tube 3. The patient serum is the source of the antibody and the Group O reagent screening red cells are the source of the antigen in this screen. The patient’s serum has an antibody to an antigen on the reagent screening cells, the presence and identification of which is being determined

and three test tubes containing positive controls of each of the reagents for comparison. Finally, we added the reagents to each sample and observed the color change. The independent variables were the supplement sample type(1, 3, and 9). The dependent variable was the color change or precipitate formed in each sample. The constants were the amounts of solution in each test tube and their ratio to each reagent and the types of reagents used. The control groups were the negative control groups of plain

able kits ((On Siemens Dimension® clinical chemistry analyzer -RXL-and X pand, Germany). Flex® reagent cartridge: HB1C SCOPE: HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose level during the preceding 2 to 3 months. HbA1c is thus suitable to monitor long-term blood glucose control in individuals with diabetes mellitus. SAMPLE REQUIREMENT: Type of specimen: K3EDTA Anticoagulated whole blood. The samples must be free of clots. They have to be mixed thoroughly and analyzed subsequently