This research paper assesses the Arab-Israeli conflict and the other major players that were involved in the conflict though on the outside. These outside actors include Great Britain, the United States, the European Union (EU), the Soviet Union (until 1992), Russia (from 1992 onwards), or the United Nations (UN). The paper in particular assesses the role of the United States as a case study. It states the United States involvement in the conflict as an external actor, whether it had a positive or negative impact on the conflict and also a clear cut explanation of the negative and positive impact.
Introduction
Before 1948, there was no Israeli state and Israelis were dispersed all over Europe and the Arab States. During the first half of
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Financial assistance to Israel during the 1973 war Financial assistance to from the United States to Israel nearly quadrupled during the 1973 war. This was mainly in response to Egypt and Syria being supported by the Soviet Union. At that time the United States and the Soviet Union were at the height of the cold war. The Prime Minister of Israel Golda Meir requested U.S. President Nixon for urgent military assistance for her army that had been destroyed in the 1973 Yom Kippur War and the 1967 Israeli war against the Egyptian and Syrian armies. This enabled the Israelis to prevail during the war.
2. Brokering of peace deals between the two parties On several occasions the United States has been involved in the brokering of peace between the two parties. After the 1973 war, Egypt and Israel began to explore the possibility of a diplomatic peace. Under the direction of U.S. President Carter, peace talks between Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat began five years later at Camp David, in Maryland
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resolutions 242 and 338, which stated that Israel would relinquish territory to neighboring Arab nations in exchange for acknowledgment of Israel’s national sovereignty and security. The Camp David agreements brought to an end the war between Egypt and Israel and laid the foundation for the so-called “land-for-peace” deals between Palestinians and Israelis. Over the course of the years the United States has continually supported peace efforts in the region sending high profile officials to mediate between the two parties: secretaries of state George Shultz and James Baker and Ambassador Philip Habib in the 1980s, President George W. Bush after the Gulf War, President Bill Clinton in
The first of these was the way that the United States decided to back out. Agreeing to, and signing the Paris Peace accord on January 27th, 1973. This allowed North Vietnam to be able to keep their forces in the South (349). Despite multiple assurances, President Nixon, so as to reinforce the accords, denied requests to continue bombing. This cease fire allowed for the North to move their troops and supplies further into the South putting pressure on the Allied forces.
Abid Kassim Richard Nixon worked hard to build better relations with the Soviet Union in order to reduce the chance of nuclear war during his term as President. He made negotiations, limited the production of missiles, and gained some support from Egypt. Nixon was able to help Israel in the war against Arabs behind the seen, avoiding putting boots on the ground. Richard Nixon laid out a new foreign policy doctrine in 1969 and in November of 1969 the negotiations on the first Strategic Arms Limitations Talk (SALT) began. Nixon pursued a policy of Détente with the Soviet Union.
When Richard Nixon was president he established good connections with China and the Soviet Union. Nixon hated Communism and he was willing to visit China to restore peace. On February 21, 1972 Nixon went to China to make a long lasting relationship with the
Jimmy Carter’s proudest achievement and his bitterest setbacks came in he Middle East. Carter hosted the Camp David Accords with Sadat and Begin to set a timetable for granting self-government to the Palestinians. It, however, was not successful because Israel continued to build Jewish settlements in occupied territories and Islamic fundamentalists assassinated Sadat. Also in January 1979 the pro-US ruler fled Iran being replaced by the Shiite Khomeini who preached hatred towards the United States. In November Iran and US tension increased dramatically, when Khomeini supporters stormed the U.S Embassy in Tehran and seized American hostages.
Israel, despite applying to the United Nations as soon as it received its independence, did not become a member until May 11, 1949. The intense conflict between Israel and Palestine is still relevant at the current time. In 2014, Palestine was still not considered an independent state by many countries, only increasing the already intense conflict between Israel and Palestine (Tharoor). In addition, Canada, the United States, and other European nations created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; throwing America into an entangling alliance our first president warned us about (“Milestones”). Our decision to enter into this alliance set a precedence that the United States finally joined the world stage, and would continue to play an active role in social and political conflicts not only at home, but worldwide as
After the assassination of King, Young was named executive vice president of SCLC (1968-1970). He moved into the arena of politics as the first black Georgian elected to the U.S. Congress since Reconstruction (1972-1976). President Jimmy Carter appointed Young U.S. ambassador to the United Nation in 1977. With his help, protection of human rights and economic advancement in underdeveloped countries became objectives of U.S foreign policy. Young was forced out of that position in 1979 because he met secretly with representatives of the Palestine Liberation Organization to help mediate for peace in the Middle East.
During the 1940 's, the United States faced the pressing challenge of transferring from war to peacetime after the events of World War II. One of the major challenges that America faced after WWII was the cold war between the U.S and the U.S.S.R as a result of the ideological differences between the two. A number of incidents in the 1940 's contributed to the tensions between the Untied States and the Soviet Union, particularly the United State 's involvement in Turkey and Greece, as well as the war in Korea. Paranoia and suspension between the Soviet Union and the United, fueled by events such as the USSR 's violation of promises made at the Yalta Conference to hold democratic elections, led the United States to peruse the concept of
Many believe that the Syrian war has been prolonged by outside involvement contributing to the war in Syria. A big conflicting matter is the support of different oppositions when going from country to country. Recently a big issue is Russia’s support to the Assad Regime against the United States’s support for the Syrian Rebels. This truly is believed to be the single largest factor contributing to prolonged war and failure of reconciliation efforts (Document F). US led coalition airstrikes and Russian airstrikes have also played a big part in delaying the end to the war in Syria.
People had antiwar demonstrations in many parts of the country. In 1969, Richard Nixon was elected President. He started bringing soldiers home, but U.S. planes also increased bombing of North Vietnam and started bombing Cambodia, a country west of Vietnam. In 1973, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and the United States agreed to a cease-fire.
Walter Dean Myers once stated that “One of the lessons learned during the Vietnam War was that the depiction of wounded soldiers, of coffins stacked higher than their living guards, had a negative effect on the viewing public. The military in Iraq specifically banned the photographing of wounded soldiers and coffins, thus sanitizing this terrible and bloody conflict.” The Vietnam War, fought in 1955 to 1975, was the longest war in American history. This war was a conflict between the Communist North Vietnam and its ally Viet Cong, and South Vietnam and its ally the United States. During the Vietnam war, tensions in the United States were extremely high.
In his address to Congress on January 5, 1957, President Eisenhower, similar to President Truman, stated his belief that the United States should contribute economically to strengthen free Middle Eastern countries. In this way he hoped, like Truman, to discourage these countries from turning to the Soviet Union and communism to solve troubles. President Eisenhower also said that the United States should provide military aid to Middle Eastern countries who seek such aid (Eisenhower). Again like Truman the reasoning for this was the hope that the aid would help these countries resist any communist force or aggression. Unlike President Truman, Eisenhower called for the United States to put armed forces in the Middle East to protect and secure the independence of Middle Eastern nations from Communist armed aggression (Eisenhower).
To many, the war in Vietnam was a senseless war. As a result, anti-war protests launched all over America as a forum for those who were ready to see the end of the brutal exploitation. Prior to 1965, small Vietnam war protests were held by individuals searching for peace but quickly grew into a prominent part of the war as we remember it today. This paper will discuss the timeline of Vietnam war protests as well as the most prominent groups and individuals that promoted an end to the violence.
Tensions between the United States and Soviet Union began as both of them wanted to
In particular, President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative intimidated the Soviet leaders and influenced them to negotiate with him to reduce nuclear weapons (Jim Woods). By lowering the number of weapons, the threat in return decreased, easing tensions in the USA. The two leaders held four summit conferences between 1985