Camel milk (Camelus dromedaries) taken from Rajasthan was serially diluted and spread on MRS agar plates and were incubated for overnight at temperature of 34°C. After incubation, we isolated the 24 individual colonies which were also stored for long term preservation by preparing the glycerol freeze stocks. Therefore, for further investigation these isolated samples for their probiotic potential were checked on the basis of their antimicrobial activity against the bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis.
3.2 PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES
3.2.1 Antimicrobial Activity
To study the antimicrobial activity of isolated colonies from camel milk. We were able to select 8 isolates out of 24 which have shown resistance
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TOLERANCE TO BILE CONCENTRATIONS
TABLE 3.2.3
Strains 0% 0.10% 0.20% 0.30% 0.40% 0.50%
01 0.628 0.508 0.175 -0.0175 -0.094 -0.061
02 0.708 0.349 0.149 -0.0375 -0.101 -0.043
07 0.627 0.187 0.459 -0.0065 -0.093 -0.063
08 0.733 0.151 -0.016 -0.0135 -0.0845 -0.066
11 0.641 0.147 -0.017 -0.0165 -0.0965 -0.0505
14 0.609 0.446 0.065 -0.0380 -0.078 -0.0435
15 0.656 0.396 0.103 -0.0385 -0.092 -0.0380
16 0.651 0.303 0.029 -0.0090 -0.098 -0.0415
Strains Vancomycin ZOI(cm) Oxacillin ZOI(cm) Clindamycin ZOI(cm) Kanamycin ZOI(cm) 01 v 4 3 02 1.8 3.2 3.5 1.5 07 2.1 3.8 3.5 1.8 08 -- 3.7 -- 1.0 11 -- 4.5 4 14 -- 3 3.5 15 v 4 4 16 -- -- 4
ANTIBIOTIC
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Strains Morphology Catalase Motility Gram Staining Methyl Red Arginine Production Acetoin Production
01 Cocci - - + - + -
02 Cocci - - + - + -
07 Cocci - - + - + -
08 Cocci - - + - + -
11 Cocci - - + - + -
14 Cocci + - + - + -
15 Cocci - - + - + -
16 Cocci - - + - + -
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
This antibiotic produced a zone of inhibition of 26mm and was therefore sensitive. After a little bit more research it was concluded that K. oxytoca produces B-lactamase, therefore making it resistant to penicillin and ampicillin (MicrobeWiki, 2015). Now that testing has been done the providers know what type of medication would be best to start with. Two out of four medications could possibly be used to attack the infection. If the patient were to take Ciprofloxacin the mechanism of action would be to inhibit relaxation of DNA; inhibit DNA gyrase in
Identification of bacteria within Unknown Culture #21 In this experiment, an unknown culture of two different types of bacteria was assigned to each person, a number of tests were performed to isolate and identify these bacterial cells. Based on knowledge from the previous experiments completed in lab, a basic understanding of each type of bacteria was used to create a flow chart that would aid the process of identifying the unknown bacteria within the culture. A gram stain that is performed initially will narrow down the types of tests certain bacteria will and will not respond to. In addition to the gram stain, some of the tests that were used include, a catalase test, an Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar test, a bile esculin test, and a 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) test.
The purpose of this lab report is to employ a myriad of skills, tools and, methods learned throughout this semester to perform the appropriate tests for the identification of the assigned unknown bacteria. Add more background information here!!! The most important tools and techniques used during this identification include aseptic technique, microscopic examination and, the use of selective and differential media. Aseptic technique is an important tool for microbiologists. It is imperative that aseptic technique is maintained throughout the length of any test to avoid any cross-contamination that may lead to inaccurate results.
I expect to learn the biochemical differences in bacteria from this lab. Also, how to identify different species of bacteria. Material & Methods For the first day of the practical, an unknown specimen was provided
The tube was placed back in incubation for 96 more hours to observe any more positives. 2.10 Catalase Test A trypticase soy agar plate was used and after incubation, four drops of 3% Hydrogen Peroxide was added to the plate to flow over the bacterial growth. A presence of bubbling was observed. 2.11 Starch Hydrolysis
Creative Baby Shower Gift Basket Ideas Are you joining yet infant downpour yet you have actually notted having enough concepts on a good present to provide the mommy to get yet the brand new child. Do not fuss, there is actually still time as well as lots of tips you can easily deal with.
In the laboratory, identification of an unknown bacterium is often necessary. In the lab, a random sample consisting of three different bacteria was selected. The sample contained one gram-positive, one gram-negative paracolon, and one gram-negative coliform. The purpose of the experiment is to identify each of the three species that the mixture contained. After receiving an unknown mixture, the sample was streaked for isolation onto TSA, blood agar, and MacConkey plates.
“White milk or chocolate milk white milk or chocolate milk white milk or chocolate?” Most people would think white milk is more healthy than chocolate milk, but studies show that chocolate milk is just as healthy as white milk. My first reason is that it’s easy to find and purchase, second kids love chocolate milk, and third chocolate milk helps kids strong throughout the day. My first reason is that it 's easy to find and to purchase and find.
The second ½ of the organism was used for gram staining. The gram stain method was performed on the unknown organism per lab manual page 42 and two gram stain reactions were identified. Organism B was gram positive cocci in grape like clusters. Because organism B was positive I could eliminate Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus vulgaris because these bacteria would be rod shapes. Organism A was gram negative pink rod shaped and because of gram positive morphology I could eliminate Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis and Bacillus subtilis.
In the poetry book Milk and Honey by Rupi Kaur, it states, “You were so afraid of my voice I decided to be afraid of it too.” Having one’s own voice is an extremely significant part of life. One must be able to fight their own battles and grow as an individual, without any blockades. Correspondingly, Asher from the novel My Name is Asher Lev by Chaim Potok is deeply fearful of his voice and how his community will react to his passion for art. The mythic ancestor in no way desires Asher to give into passion, and expresses this by appearing thunderously quite often in Asher’s dreams.
Aseptic technique was initiated at the beginning of this experiment by cleaning the work surface with disinfected wipes. Personal protectives equipment was also worn. The material utilized in this experiment was: S. epidermidis culture broth, sterile cotton swab, streak plate, forceps in 70% alcohol, a lit tea light, and the three antibiotic disks (novobiocin, gentamicin, penicillin). The first step, I divided a plate into three quadrants and labelled them with the different antibiotic names. Using the lit tea light, like a bursen burner, I flamed the mouth of the S. epidermidis culture.
2.60×10-3 56 5.25×10-5 59 9.50×10-3 58 5.31×10-7 60 3.23×10-3 57 1.20×10-5 60 5.02×10-4 58 -l0g A1= 10-8=8 -log A2= 10-7=7 -LOG A3= 10-6=6 -log A4= 10-10=10 (ECR) For Drug1 = ED 50 (A1)/Control = 3/3=1 E.CR For Drug 2= ED 50 (A2)/ control = 6/3=2 E C R for drug 3 = ED50 (A3) = 9/3=3 Log (ECR1-1) =1 Log (ECR2-1) = 2 Log (ECR3-1)
After experiment on microscope under oil immersion, I learned that my Unknown is gram positive. Under the lens, the bacteria appears in purple color. Its morphology is cocci arranged in cluster. However, during decolorizing process, I put too much alcohol to the crystal violet-iodine complex making the color overly removed. That led to the result of my gram positive has slightly redish
Biochemical tests are the tests used for the identification of bacterial species based on the differences in the biochemical activities of different bacteria. Bacterial physiology differs from one species to the other. These differences in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism, production of certain enzymes and ability to utilize a particular compound help them to be identified by the biochemical tests. Gram’s stain was originally devised by histologist Hans Christian Gram in 1884. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria stain pink when subjected to Gram staining.
The media used in this experiment was Trypticase nitrate broth. The reagents used (A and B) were sulfanilic acid and alpha-naphthylamine (respectively). Using aseptic technique, the bacterium (16A and 16B) were inoculated into labeled broth test tubes. The tubes were incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees Celsius. When the incubation was complete 5 drops of reagent A and 5 drops of reagent B were added to each of the broths.