Collective Security Definition

Question: What is “collective security”? Account for the reasons why China is reluctant to embrace this concept. Support your arguments with concrete examples.

What is “collective security”? The representative man to seriously conceptualize the collective security was an American president Thomas Woodrow Wilson. After the World War I, most of the countries proposed collective security mechanisms to prevent the war again. In the post–Cold War, rapidly globalization and post 911 attack, the G8 conference system has become more effective global security organization than the collective security based United Nations system. China was making lot of effort in order to avoid the international conflict and maintain the peaceful condition. But in the

Firstly, China and Vietnam, Philippines, Brunei as well as Malaysia have a long-term border struggle on the sovereignty of South China Sea. There was an alleviation of the tension in the late 1990s to the 2000s, particularly after the signature of the South China Sea Code of Conduct in 2002. However, the tension has increased since 2009 due to the following happening, part of the South China Sea sovereignty countries was a tough stance on the South China Sea issue, making China into a dilemma. In March 2009, the Malaysia Prime Minister Abdullah bin Haji Ahmad Badawi declared Swallow Reef sovereignty is owned by Malaysia. In the same year, the Vietnamese government to appoint the Chairman of the Paracel Islands to declare the sovereignty. Moreover, the President of the Philippine signed the “Territorial Sea Baselines Bill”, part of the China's Spratly Islands and Scarborough Shoal were included to the Philippines territory. In April 2012, the Philippines arrested Chinese fishermen near Scarborough Shoal, and these happening caused a tension relation on the sovereignty of South China Sea between China and Philippine. On the other hand, China and Japan have heated sea border conflict especially of The Diaoyu Islands. Sino-Japanese conflict is particularly tension because those islands are the strategic position of those regions and they are potential sources of natural resources, also

unilateralism. After the Cold War, the U.S. became the unique superpower in the world, with superior strength in military, economic and political aspects. After the 911 attack, the U.S. government proposed preemptive strategy. At the end of the Cold War the U. S. launched the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, the war in Afghanistan and Iraq, those are completed in unilateralist foreign policy. It has clearly stated its strategic must continue to play a "leading role" in the world, and to maintain its supremacy position. In order to maintain its supremacy position, U.S. government often follow their own way by its foreign policy in some international issues. And ignored the view by its allies and the United Nations. In the last few years, Kosovo war has occurred, the war in Afghanistan, Iraq and other large-scale war also initiated or led by the U.S. American unilateralism under the policy of preemptive strategy, it obviously show the failure of the collective security mechanism. And it was a serious challenge of multilateralism proposed by China. So China is reluctant to embrace the concept of collective